Personality Flashcards
What is the interactionists view
Personality as well as the environment
What did Hollander state/do..?
A structure to explain how our personality works:
- psyc core: “the real u”
- typical response: how we respond to the environment // learnt *stored experiences
Role related behaviour: perception
What is attributions
The reasons we give for our performance
Def: perceived reasons for the success or failure of an event or pattern of behaviour
What did Eysenck say about traits
Individuals posses stable traits based on 2 dimensions:
- extrovert / introvert
Certain stimulus or arosual that are sutible for them. Controlled by RAS - stable / neurotic
Emotionality and reaction of the autonomic nervous energy system to stressful situations
What did cattell suggest
That personality was based on stable traits but thought eyesenk was to simple
Cattells 16 categories factors
What are the problems with trait theories
- Too simplistic
- do not account for change in personality over time
- environmental and situational factors??
- not an accurate predictor
- limited value in sporting success
Who proposed the equation to explain the interactionists theories
Lewin
- B=f(PE)
Our behaviour is the result to the function of the game along with the personality and environment combined
What can we use to measure personality
Self report : EPI ,
Interview: cattells 16PF
Questionnaire
What are the 6 moods used in POMS
tension
Depression
Anger
Vigour
Fatigue
Confusion
What is the sceptical approach
Based on the approach which questions the link between personality and sorting performance
What is the credulous approach
Based on the approach which supports the link between personality and sporting performance
Define personality
The combination of characteristics that determine an individual’s behaviour.
What are the criticisms with methods to measure personality
- Validity is questioned?
- Results may be varied: reliability
- other factors that can affect results (situation)
- social desirability
- ambiguity or misinterpretation.
- yes no questions may be limited
- ethical probs
Who addressed the theories of motivation
McCelland and Atkinson
Stable aspect of personality
2 motives that control us:
- n.Ach
- N.Af
What does the performer with a n.Ach display
- sense of pride
- perseverance
- quick completion
- welcome feedback
- optimistic
- confidence
- ## prepared to take risks
What does n.Af display
- attempt to avoid shame
- worry about failure
- avoid 50/50 situations
- don’t like feedback
- attribute performance to external factors
- give up easily
How does theory of motivation link with interactionism
Links situation as well
(Ms - Maf) x (Ps X (I-Ps) )
ms : motive to succeed
Ps: probability of success
Maf :motive to avu of failure
I : incentive value of success
Past paper: 2013
How can knowledge of the interactionists theory of personality help a coach improve the performance of an individual player? (4marks)
Explanation of theory;
- Mixture of personality traits and the situation/trait theory/social learning
- behaviour can alter in diff situations
- (lewin) b=f(pe)
- psychological core/inner core/fairly permanent beliefs
- role related behaviour/ specific behaviour
Application of theory; coach
- performer can be taught to alter their behaviour and improve performance/ certain ways
- coach identifies aspects of personality or behaviour to be changed
- creates situations or experiences cause change in behaviour eg teach aggression/assertive
- coach identifies a suitable situation to avoid aspects of personality being displayed
Elite performers often display approach behaviour.
How does the achievement motivation of a performer affect their approach behaviour?
(Total 4 marks)
4 marks for 4 of:
Explanation
A (Achievement motivation) – desire to succeed – fear of failure.
B (depends on) – probability of success / chances of success.
C (depends on) – incentive value of success / rewards available / intrinsic motivation / extrinsic rewards.
D (depends on) – personality of performer / need to achieve or NACH personality / need to avoid failure or NAF personality.
Sub max of 2 marks for explanation (A to D)
Application
E Performer with higher need to achieve will display approach behaviour.
F Performer with higher need to avoid failure will display avoidance behaviour.
G (Approach behaviour / Nach) – attempts challenges / take risks / not worry about failure / 50-50 chance of success / likes feedback or equiv.
(Avoidance behaviour / Naf) – avoids challenges / worries about failure / dislikes feedback or equiv.
Sub max of 2 marks for application (E to G)
G – either Nach or Naf characteristics can be awarded but not both
[4]
Using appropriate psychological theories, explain why performers may have different levels of optimal arousal
Drive Theory
As arousal increases so does likelihood of dominant response / habit.
Experienced players perform better with higher levels of arousal / the more experienced players in a team require higher levels of arousal.
Novice players perform better with lower levels of arousal.
Inverted U Theory
As arousal increases so does performance but only to certain level.
Optimal arousal occurs at moderate levels.
(Personality of performer) – extroverts higher levels of arousal / introverts lower levels of arousal.
(Nature of the Task) – complex or fine skills lower need lower levels of arousal / simple or gross skills need higher levels of arousal.
Accept relevant sporting examples if used in correct context.
(Skill of performer) – experienced higher levels of arousal / novices lower levels of arousal.
Zone of Optimal Functioning
Some performers have a wider range of optimal arousal levels / different band widths of optimal arousal.
