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Introduction to Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

characteristics that make a person unique and are consistent in an individual

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2
Q

What are Idiographic approaches to assess personality?

A

Approach focusing on individual differences

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3
Q

What are Nomothetic approaches to assess personality?

A

what people have in common with one another

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4
Q

What is The Rorschach Inkblot test?

A

Test where people are shown an inkblot and you can tell people’s personality based on their reaction

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5
Q

What is The thematic Apperception Test?

A

a type of projective test that involves describing ambiguous scenes to learn more about a person’s emotions, motivations, and personality

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6
Q

In Freud’s psychodynamic theory, what is in the upper brain?

A

Ego, superego, defence mechanism

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7
Q

In Freud’s psychodynamic theory, what is in the lower brain?

A

Id

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8
Q

What is the job of the ego from the psychodynamic theory?

A

satisfies the id’s desires in realistic and appropriate ways

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9
Q

What is the job of the superego from the psychodynamic theory?

A

provides moral compus through which the ego operates

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10
Q

What is the job of the id from the psychodynamic theory?

A

innate part of ourselves that functions to pleasure principle and self-satisfaction

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11
Q

What is the job of the defence mechanism from the psychodynamic theory?

A

resources by the ego (unconscious) mind uses to protect itself from unwanted reality

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12
Q

What is repression?

A

subconsciously blocking out unwanted ideas

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13
Q

What are reaction formations?

A

people express the opposite of what they are feeling sometimes in exaggeration

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14
Q

What is Projecting?

A

projecting your feelings onto others

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15
Q

What is Sublimation?

A

flipping negative thoughts into positive ones

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16
Q

What is denial?

A

deflected the reality of a situation

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17
Q

What is Rationalization?

A

when people rationalize unwanted situations

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18
Q

What is Displacement?

A

displacing one’s emotional burden onto other people

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19
Q

What was Carl Jung’s view of Personality?

A

Carl Jung took Freud’s idea of the unconscious and created the idea of the collective unconscious (cortina innate human characteristics are common to all of humankind)

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20
Q

What was Karen Horneys view of personality?

A

inspired by Freud, a feminist, flipped his sexist theories, emphasized that cultural and social characteristics influence our personality

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21
Q

What is the humanistic approach?

A

People seek personal growth to fulfill their human potential

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22
Q

What is self actualization?

A

full realization of personal creativity, intelligence and social potential

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23
Q

Which psychologist was a humanist?

A

Maslow

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24
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

thinking about someone with unconditional positive regard or empathy

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25
What was Carl Rogers' idea of self concept?
the overarching idea of who we are in terms of any aspect that makes up who we are
26
What is Congruent self concept?
When who we are aligns with reality
27
What is Incongruent self concept?
When who you are does not align with reality?
28
What is the self?
Totality of the of an individual
29
What is self-concept?
personal knowledge of who we are
30
What is self construal?
individuals describe themselves as independent or interdependent to others
31
What is Self construal independent of others?
describing oneself not depending on others and describe their own unique characteristics
32
What is Self construal interdependence?
thinking of oneself in relation to other people
33
What type of self construals do people on western culture have?
People in Western cultures tend to have independent self construals
34
What type of self construct do people in non western cultures tend to have?
Non-western cultures have more interdependent self-construals
35
What is a projective measure to interpret personality?
shown ambiguous images and asked to interpret them to test personality based on their responses
36
What are objective measures?
self-report (making notes about oneself) informant rating (someone who knows you well to fill personality report)
37
What did Albert Bandura do to test the social learning theory?
studied children in order to understand how they learn from others
38
How are personal factor cognitions affecting our personality?
influences how a person behaves
39
What is the concept of behaviour factors affecting our personality?
our behaviour changes from situation to situation
40
What is the concept of environmental factors affecting our personality?
upbringing, culture, geographic location, and life experiences
41
What is reciprocal determinism?
Ideas saying that cognition, environment and behaviour are all determinants of one another
42
What is performance experience?
experience: doing well in the past leads to higher self-efficacy
43
What is Self-efficacy?
an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviours necessary to produce specific results
44
What is Vicarious experience?
observing other people successfully completing a task
45
What is Social persuasion?
when something influences another person's behaviour or attitudes
46
What is Imaginal experience?
a person's use of their imagination to envision his or her success at a task
47
What is the Experience of physical and emotional states affecting personality?
these feelings take our attention and guide our behaviour
48
What is the locus of control?
the extent to which you feel in control of the events that influence your life
49
Who created the locus of control? When was it created
Developed by Julian Rotter in 1950s to 1960s
50
What is Internal locus of control?
when you have personal control over your own behaviour
51
What is External locus of control?
when other systems outside of yourself are controlling your behaviour
52
Do people have entirely internal and external locus of control
Nobody has entirely internal and external locus of control
53
What is self regulation?
when people regulate their own behaviour to attain goals, reducing the frequency of impulses
54
What is self control?
inhibiting impulses and emotions
55
What is The Marshmallow Test?
an experimental design that measures a child's ability to delay gratification
56
What are strategies to delay gratification:
Turning “hot” cognitions into “cold” cognitions or reframing; ignoring gratification, finding a distraction
57
Who were if-then statements created by? When we’re they created?
Created by Mischel & Shoda, 1995
58
What is the idea of if then statements?
People behave particularly in specific environments
59
What is a personality trait?
Consistent pattern of thoughts, feelings and actions that distinguish one person from another
60
What is a personality type?
the psychological classification of different types of individuals like introversion or extroversion, particular configuration of traits
61
What is factor analysis?
a technique that is used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer numbers of factors
62
Who created the big 5 theory? When was it created?
McCrae & Costa, 1985
63
What is the big 5 theory?
There are five main personality traits that can be remembered using the acrynom OCEAN
64
What are the five main traits?
O: opening to experience C:conscientiousness: efficient and organized E: extraversion: social butterfly A: agreeableness: compassionate N: neuroticism: sensitive or nervous
65
What are the four personality types?
Averages Self-centred Reserved Role model
66
What was a problem with Nuer Briggs theory
that most people do not fall under extremes. Most people fall in the middle when focused on ocean factors

Introduction to Psychology (8 decks)

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