Development

Question 1

What does developmental psychology focus on?

Answer 1

Psysiological, cognitive and social and that occur across the lifespan

Question 2

What are reflexes in a baby?

Answer 2

Grasping, rooting, sucking

Question 3

Faces are special meaning?

Answer 3

Both behaviour and neural imaging studies provide evidence that face recognition early early in infancy (eg newborns prefer their mothers face over unfamiliar faces)

Question 4

What are big questions in developmental psychology?

Answer 4

Nature vs nuture, how do these influences interact across the lifespan

Universal or ecological, considering social or cultural influences on development

Continuous or discontinuous

Question 5

What age is a sensitive period in development?

Answer 5

3 year old children

Question 6

What are windows of plasticity?

Answer 6

Birth, sensory, motor/language, higher cognition

Question 7

What are common research techniques of knowing what infants know?

Answer 7

Preferential looking technique

Habitual/orientation réflex

Question 8

What are two methods of accessing changes across time?

Answer 8

Longitudinal designs and cross sectional designs

Question 9

What are longitudinal designs?

Answer 9

Data from the same groups of individuals collects over intervals across a long period of time

Question 10

What are cross sectional designs?

Answer 10

Data is obtained simultaneously from participates of different ages in order to make age related comparisons

Question 11

Baby synapse video

Answer 11

Baby can recognize different types of lemurs but her older sister can’t

Question 12

When does synapse formation occur? When is it highest?

Answer 12

Between 36 weeks and 2 years

Highest at 6 months

Question 13

When does synapse pruning occur

Answer 13

Between 4 and 6 years

Question 14

Where does the second period of overproduction occur

Answer 14

In the prefrontal cortex

Question 15

When stage does overproduction occur before

Answer 15

Adolescentes

Question 16

What happens after the second phase of overproductions

Answer 16

Ten years of pruning

Question 17

How did bowlby describe the attachment theory

Answer 17

Strong emotional connection that persist overtime and across circumstances

Question 18

What are benefits of the adaptive theory?

Answer 18

Adaptive-encourages proximity between mother and caregiver

Oxytocin

Question 19

What did the results explain in Harry Harlows attachment in Rhesus monkeys?

Answer 19

Results contradicted behaviourist perspective and widespread societal implications

Research raised a lot of ethical questions

Question 20

Mary Ainsworth’s “Strange Situaition” test outcome on secure attachment

Answer 20

Sixty five percent of children

Upset when caregiver leaves , easily comforted by their return

Question 21

Mary Ainsworth’s “Strange Situaition” test outcome on insecure resistant

Answer 21

Clings to caregiver, get upset, both wants and resist comfort

Question 22

Mary Ainsworth’s “Strange Situaition” test outcome on secure attachment insecure avoidant

Answer 22

Little distress when caregiver leaves, avoids caregiver upon their return

Question 23

What are factors affecting infant caregiver attachment?
STEC

Answer 23

Caregiver sensitivity

Infant temperament

Environmental factors

Cultural factors

Question 24

What are the two key dimensions of parental styles

Answer 24

High behavioural regulation

Low behavioural regulation

Question 25

What are the factors of high behavioural regulation?

Answer 25

High parental support Authoritative Low parental support: authoritarian

Question 26

What are the factors of low behavioural regulation?

Answer 26

High parental support: indulgent Low parental support: uninvolved

Question 27

What did Eric Erickson state about the psychosocial model?

Answer 27

Every stage of identity features a developmental challenge that must be confronted in order to progress

Question 28

What is Eric psychosocial model

Answer 28

First lifespan theory of development

Question 29

What are examples of every stage featuring a developmental challenge?

Answer 29

Trust, and mistrust, is the world a safe place? Identity versus role, who am I? Intimacy versus isolation, What type of partner do I want

Question 30

How important are close relationships, Harvard Grants and Glueck studies ecuadores every 2 years for 75 years outcome

Answer 30

Good relationships keep us happier and healthier. Period

Question 31

What did Piaget believe about cognitive development?

Answer 31

During each stage of development, children develop new schemas, ways of perceiving organizing and thinking about how the world works

Question 32

What are the two learning process??

Answer 32

Assimilation and accommodation

Question 33

How did Piaget define Equilibration?

Answer 33

An active self regulatory process in which the child progresses through the stages of development Match between cognitive structures and reality

Question 34

When do we experience disequilibrium? What happens after this?

Answer 34

When our schemas are no longer efficient We become motivated to develop new complex schemas

Question 35

Which years does the sensorimotor stage occur?

Answer 35

Years 0-2

Question 36

What happens trying to sensorimotor stage

Answer 36

Acquired information through the senses Forming representations of all kinds actions that can be performed on certain objects

Question 37

What is object permanence in the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 37

Things continue to exist even when you can no longer sense them

Question 38

The sensorimotor stage in a nutshell

Answer 38

Moves from reaction to action

Question 39

Primary circular reactions

Answer 39

the infants repeating of interesting or enjoyable actions on his or her own body, sucking on the thumb or finding the feet

Question 40

Secondary circular reactions

Answer 40

babies repeat pleasurable actions that involve objects as well as actions involving their own bodies

Question 41

Tertiary circular reactions

Answer 41

involve the deliberate variation of actions to bring desirable consequences

Question 42

What age does the preoperational stage occurs?

Answer 42

Two to six year

Question 43

What happens during the preoperational stage?

Answer 43

You begin to think symbolically, but not logically

Question 44

Describe the false belief or Sally-Anne task

Answer 44

-Is easily mastered by older children -Involves two characters name, Sally and Anne -Used by developmental psychologist as a measure of theory of mind capacity -Is a measure of a high level of cognitive empathy

Question 45

Ages does the concrete operational stage of occur?

Answer 45

6 to 11 years old

Question 46

What happens during the concrete operational stage?

Answer 46

Development of more logical thinking; reality is limited to concrete objects

Question 47

Age does the formal operational stage occur?

Answer 47

12 and over

Question 48

What happens during the formal operational stage?

Answer 48

Able to think, and reason abstractly Deductive reasoning, and problem-solving

Question 49

What was Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 49

Placed more emphasis on social cultural factors

Question 50

How did Vygotsky’s describe the zone of proximal development

Answer 50

Range of task that a child can perform with the help and guidance of others but can not yet be performed independently