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Introduction to Psychology > Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

the detection of external stimuli

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2
Q

perception

A

processing organizing and interpretation of sensory signals in the brain resulting in internal represention of external information

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3
Q

psychophysics

A

study of external stimuli and the interactions with sensory systems

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4
Q

signal detection theory

A

detection of stimulus depends on the intensity and stimulus and state of the person

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5
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimun intensity that must occur in order for a signal to be detected 50 percent of the time

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6
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum difference between two stimuli that can be noticed

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7
Q

sensory adaptation

A

reduction of sensitivity to a stimulus after constantly being exposed to it

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8
Q

audition

A

ability the interpret sound

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9
Q

agnosia

A

unable to name objects due to injury

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10
Q

binocular cue

A

depth cues that require the use of both eyes

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11
Q

bottom-up processing

A

info sent from lower to high level thinking areas of the brain

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12
Q

top bottom processing

A

info sent from the higher levels of the brain to earlier levels of info processing

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13
Q

cochlea

A

tiny coiled structure in the inner ear involved sound waves coming into the ear into perceived sound

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14
Q

cone job? which type of light do they work better in?

A

receptor cells that help us see fine details of things and tend to help us see in situations where there is light or daylight

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15
Q

cornea

A

transparent covering over the eye that begins process of directing light to the retina

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16
Q

depth perception

A

ability to see objects in 3 dimension such as how far they are away from you

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17
Q

fovea

A

spot of highest visual acuity important during activities where visual acuity is of high importance such as driving

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18
Q

somatosensory homunculus

A

a map along the cerebral cortex of where each part of the body is processed.

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19
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

receptors that detect stimulus form the external environment

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20
Q

nociceptors

A

alert us to potentially damaging stimuli at the skin

by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury-related chemicals, and transducing these stimuli into long-ranging electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers

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21
Q

gestalt principle

A

being able to perceive info in a meaningful pattern automatically organizing info in a unified whole

22
Q

gustation

A

taste

22
Q

gate control theory

A

when pain signals are sent up the spinal cord to the brain so the pain sensation can be experienced. The “gate” is the tool in the body where pain signals can go through or be restricted.

23
Q

what are the gestalt principles? PSCCC

A

proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, and closure

24
Q

what is the proximity gestalt principle?

A

we tend to see things that are close to one another as a cohesive unit

25
Q

what is the similarity gestalt principle?

A

we tend to see things sharing the same visual characteristics as relating to one another

26
Q

what is the continuation gestalt principle?

A

assuming that lines and things continue without drastically changing direction

27
Q

what is the figure-ground relationship?

A

what is not focused in our vision automatically becomes assigned to the background

28
Q

what is llusionary contour?

A

perceive contour edges even when they do not exist, cue suggest contour should be present

29
Q

iris job

A

controls how much light the pupils let in

30
Q

lens

A

focus incoming light wave info

31
Q

monocular cue

A

not relying on two eyes

32
Q

what does a monocular cue include and what is the job of each? ORFTP

A

occlusive (Objects partially blocking other parts of the scene are perceived to be closer to an observer than the blocked objects), relative size (when two objects are the same zie, the one that is smaller will take up less space in your eye), familiar size (depth cue of how far something is based on your knowledge of the sizes of objects), texture gradient ( seeing the texture clearly is a cue that it is closer), and position relative to the horizontal line (closer it is to the horizontal line the closer it is to you)

ORFTP

33
Q

motion parallax

A

objects moving at a constant speed across the frame will appear to move a greater amount if they are closer to an observer (or camera) than they would if they were at a greater distance

34
Q

olfaction

A

Smell

35
Q

olfactory bulb job

A

Receives input about odours

36
Q

olfactory nerve job

A

allows sense of smell

37
Q

where is the pupil located? job?

A

Hole in center of the iris that allows light to strike the retina

38
Q

what is the retina? what is its job?

A

Most light sensitive layer of tissue in the eye

captures the light that enters your eye and helps translate it into the images you see

39
Q

retinal disparity

A

the fact that the left and right fields of vision provide slightly different visual images when focusing on a single object

40
Q

what are rods? where are they located? which types of light do they function better in?

A

are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells

41
Q

taste bud

A

Nerve endings on the tongue responsible for the sensation of taste

42
Q

transduction

A

changing physical energy into neural signals

43
Q

trichromatic theory

A

theory of colour vision based on the existence of different types of cones for the detection of short medium and long waves

44
Q

vestibular system

A

ability to maintain balance and body posture

45
Q

vision benefit

A

tool used to allow us to successfully navigate through physical space

46
Q

synesthesia

A

when you can hear music but see shapes

47
Q

temporal pathway (ventral stream)

A

specialized pathway used to help us identify what things are

48
Q

parietal pathway (dorsal stream)

A

specialized pathway used for letting us know where things are

49
Q

split brain

A

type of brain where neuron connections between the two forebrain cerebral cortices have been cut

50
Q

contralateral organization

A

arrangement whereby the motor cortex of each cerebral hemisphere is mainly responsible for control of movements of the opposite side of the body.

e.g information from the left eye is processed in the right hemisphere

Introduction to Psychology (8 decks)

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