Chapter 2 The Measure of Mind: Methods of Psychology

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

fact based ideas that describe human behaviour

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

testable statement of what research will predict the outcome will be

Question 3

Construct

Answer 3

attribute based on established theory

Question 4

Operational definition

Answer 4

translating independent and dependent variables in to more measurable forms

Question 5

Independent variable

Answer 5

variable being controlled or manipulated by experimenter

Question 6

Dependent variable

Answer 6

depends on the independent variable

Question 7

Descriptive research

Answer 7

help organize individual bits of data into meaningful patterns and summaries

Question 8

Survey

Answer 8

series of questions asked to the respondents in order to understand their thought processes and mental state

descriptive method

Question 9

Case study

Answer 9

in depth analysis of the behavior of one person or small group of people

Question 10

Correlational study

Answer 10

the relationship between two variables

Question 11

Directionality problem

Answer 11

situation where two variables are related but it is not know which is the cause and the effect

Question 12

Third-variable problem

Answer 12

when an observed correlation between two variables can be explained by e third variable that was not mentions

Question 13

Correlation coefficient

Answer 13

used to measure the strength of a linear relationship between two variables

Question 14

experiment

Answer 14

investigation to scientifically test a hypothesis

Question 15

causal claim

Answer 15

correlation between a cause and effect: the effect occurring after the cause

correlation can be interpreted in different ways

Question 16

Random assignment

Answer 16

every participate has an equal chance to be assigned to a condition

Question 17

Random sample

Answer 17

every member of a population has an equal chance to be a part of an experiment

Question 18

Confound

Answer 18

factors other than independent that may cause a result

Question 19

Quasi-experiment

Answer 19

experiment that does not include random assignments

Question 20

Field experiment

Answer 20

random assignment experiment including manipulation of independent variable out in the real world not in a laboratory

Question 21

External validity

Answer 21

connecting findings to something externally like an external situation people etc

Question 22

Internal validity

Answer 22

extent that the causal relationship being testing is not influenced by external factors

Question 23

Reliability

Answer 23

getting the same results after doing an experiment multiple times

Question 24

Replication

Answer 24

redoing an existing experiment to see if it gives similar results

Question 25

Descriptive statistics

Answer 25

organizing or summing up a set of data

Question 26

Inferential statistics

Answer 26

using a statistical test to analyze data to see if results support hypothesis

Question 27

Median

Answer 27

middle number when data is placed in numerical order

Question 28

Normal distribution/curve

Answer 28

arrangement of data that is symmetrical looks like a hill

Question 29

WEIRD samples

Answer 29

WEIRD stands for Westernized, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic

that idea is that most studies are conducted on these types of people

Question 30

Open science

Answer 30

transparent research

data useful to people outside scientific community

Question 31

Informed consent

Answer 31

a person agreeing to what is proposed by a psychologist because the information was sufficient enough to make a reasonable decision

Question 32

Research Ethics Board

Answer 32

ensures clinical trial is ethical and rights of participants are secured

team and medical and non medicals

Question 33

Debriefing

Answer 33

formal way of proving emotional and psychological support immediatly after a traumatic experience

Question 34

Animal Care Committee

Answer 34

make sure the ethical treatment of animals is maintained during an experiment