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Personality Flashcards

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Psychology 101 flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

an individual’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits

A

personality

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2
Q

a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations

A

personality trait

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3
Q

correlations among many variable are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

A

factor analysis

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4
Q

the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle

A

the id

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5
Q

demanding immediate gratification of its urges

A

pleasure principle

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6
Q

decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle

A

the ego

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7
Q

the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong

A

the superego

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8
Q

whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time

A

the conscious

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9
Q

material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved

A

the preconscious

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10
Q

contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness, but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior

A

the unconscious

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11
Q

largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions

A

defense mechanism

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12
Q

creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior

A

rationalization

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13
Q

keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious

A

repression

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14
Q

attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another

A

projection

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15
Q

diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target

A

displacement

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16
Q

behaving in a way that’s exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings

A

reaction formation

17
Q

reversion to immature patterns of behavior

A

regression

18
Q

bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group

A

identification

19
Q

developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality

A

psychosexual stages

20
Q

involves a failure to move forward from one stage to another

A

fixation

21
Q

Psychosexual stage: the main source of erootic stimulation is the mouth; year 0-1

A

oral stage

22
Q

psychosexual stage: children get their erotic pleasure from their bowel movements, through either the expulsion or retention of feces; significant event at this time is toilet training; year 2-3

A

anal stage

23
Q

the genitals become the focus for the child’s erotic energy, through self-stimulation; oedipus complex emerges; year 4-5

A

phallic stage

24
Q

no erotic focus; main task is expanding social contacts; year 6-12

A

latency

25
Q

erotic focus is being sexually intimate; establishing intimate relationships; contributing to society through working; puberty onward

A

genital stage

26
Q

storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past

A

collective unconscious

27
Q

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning

A

archetypes

28
Q

efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one’s abilities

A

compensation

29
Q

a person whose behavior is observed by another

A

model

30
Q

one’s belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes

A

self-efficacy

31
Q

the degree of disparity between one’s self-concept and one’s actual experience

A

incongruence

32
Q

personality trait marked by an inflated sense of importance, a need for attention and admiration, a sense of entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others

A

narcissism

33
Q

the degree to which subjects’ mortality is prominent in their minds

A

morality salience

psychology (9 decks)

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