Personalities & Attitudes

Question 1

When there’s a big gap between self concept and self ideal in a person. They tend to be:

Answer 1

Unfriendly / aggressive awkward

Question 2

SRK model to explain a pilots actions

Answer 2

Skill based —handling

Rule based —applying sops + regulations

Knowledge based —acting based upon own knowledge

Question 3

Complacency

Answer 3

-unjustified self confidence

Question 4

Synergy is

Answer 4

A group performance

Question 5

Cohesion is

Answer 5

Working together. A solid unit.

Question 6

Groupthink can be dangerous because

Answer 6

Less blame on individual if a group.

More prone to risk taking.

Question 7

Difference between conformity & obedience

Answer 7

Conformity is ‘just fitting in’.

Obedience is ‘doing what you’re told’.

Question 8

Difference between status & role

Answer 8

Status is your social hierarchy position. Role is where the organisation expects you to be, i.e a captain = leader.

Question 9

Risky shift ( a riskier course of action) likely when

Answer 9

Large group of people, and blame is taken away from individual.

Question 10

Group norms:

Answer 10

Are unwritten rules

Question 11

Press-on-it’s means

Answer 11

Keep on going. That Driving force

Question 12

Extreme motivation. Extreme press on its. Can be dangerous bc

Answer 12

Trying to complete a task when it can result in failure.

Tenerife crash -> KLM captain

Question 13

People at top / bottom of pyramid (Maslow) tend to be

Answer 13

TOP: Respectful. Clear moral outlook. Non conformist.

BOTTOM: lack self esteem. Overly keen to conform.

Question 14

3 egos

Answer 14

P arental ego => act like parent =>patronising

A dult ego => BEST FOR PILOT. Good thinking.

C hild ego => childish behaviours

Question 15

2 Leadership styles

Answer 15

(G) : TASK ORIENTATION Commitment to achieving a .G.oal, no personal obligation.

(P) : PERSON OBLIGATION
Defines level of personal obligation to achieving a goal.

Question 16

BEST LEADERSHIP STYLE:

WORST LEADERSHIP STYLE:

Answer 16

P+G+ IDEAL PILOT

P-G- LAISSEZ FAIRE

Question 17

Trans cockpit authority gradient;

Autocratic cockpit:

Laissez faire:

Synergistic cockpit: BEST

Answer 17

FO has huge gradient up to the captain.

Captain & FO are on equal basis. No gradient.

CPT slightly above FO but not too much.

Question 18

Communication % wise is

Answer 18

55% body language
35% tone

80% of communication achieved by factors other than words. (It’s the way you say it)

Question 19

In Communication there must be a

Answer 19

Transmitter & a responder

Question 20

Implicit communication & explicit communication:

Answer 20

Implicit, the message is not clearly stated. Open to interpretation.

Explicit, message is clearly stated, no doubt about the meaning. Closed to interpretation

Question 21

FEEDBACK In comma implies that

Answer 21

A message is measured and corrected against the original meaning

Question 22

Two types of conflict

INTRAPERSONAL

INTERPERSONAL

Answer 22

Within yourself “should I do this or that”

Between people. E.g. CAPT to FO.

Question 23

In general, conflicts tend to

Answer 23

ESCALATE

Question 24

Advocacy means

Answer 24

Gaining support of others.

Question 25

CAPTAIN should (with crew briefing)

Answer 25

Emphasise particular requirements in the field of the crew co-op & co-ordination.

Question 26

Errors tend to be

Answer 26

Cumulative. One error leads to another. (The error chain)

Question 27

Latent errors & active errors

Answer 27

Hidden. False sense of security for pilot.

Produced by the operator. Rapid / immediate and direct consequences.

Question 28

Exceptional violations & routine violations

Answer 28

Abnormal acts, not too extreme, intended for good nature.

Violations that can save time , reduce workload, may result in good aircraft measures.

Question 29

HUMAN RELIABILITY

Error rates

Answer 29

Mistakes normally expected 1 in 100 times.

Additional practice; error 1 in 1000 times

Question 30

Good / bad human capabilities

Answer 30

Creative & innovative. Greater for qualitative decisions.

Not skilled in deciding best probabilities

Question 31

The DECIDE model. Stands for …

Answer 31

DETECT
ESTIMATE
CHOOSE
IDENTIFY
DO 
EVALUATE

Question 32

SHELL model developed to help organisations to improve their methods for dealing with human error.

IT STANDS FOR:

Answer 32

Software: electrics, procedures, info etc
Hardware: operating the AC, design of ac
Environment: conditions inside & outside cockpit
Liveware: oneself
Liveware: other people than yourself

Question 33

EYE datum point

Answer 33

So pilot knows if they’re sat in right position.

Question 34

Audio warning best for

Visual warnings best for

Answer 34

Attracting attention

Guiding pilot to cause of problem

Question 35

Protected systems you get one error…

Vulnerable systems you get one error…

Answer 35

Ac still fine

Threat to flight safety

Question 36

Action slip

Answer 36

Action, a motion, you select landing gear instead of flaps.

Question 37

Environmental capture (HABITUATION) consciousndesciom

Answer 37

Skill frequently performed in same environment.

End up displaying that skill in that particular environment rather than from the result of a conscious decision.

Question 38

A source of error can either be

Answer 38

Unintentional or intentional

Question 39

Unintentional consists of

Answer 39

Slip lapses; good plan, poor execution

Mistakes; incorrect plan

Question 40

Intentional source of error is a

Answer 40

Violation

Question 41

Skill-based errors are

Answer 41

Routine errors. Occur during highly automated behaviours.