Memory 2 Flashcards
STM
duration
Capacity
10-20 seconds
Unrelated items 7+-2
Improve STM by
Chunking (things together, decrease total number of items)
Association (associate a picture with a word, easyJet with orange)
Mnemonics (big fans travel fast)
Two types of LTM
Explicit memory (declarative memory; memory with conscious recall)
Implicit memory (non declarative memory; memory without conscious recall)
Two types of explicit memory
Episodic memory - an experience
Semantic memory - general knowledge of world
A type of implicit memory
Procedural memory (motor skills, actions)
Capacity of LTM
Unlimited
LTM is made up of
SEP
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Procedural memory
Language is held in which memory?
Semantic
What does central decision maker do?
Coordinates info after perception - (single channel processing)
The types of Behavioural sub routines
CAA
Cognitive phase = [declarative knowledge] conscious identity + develops component skills links
Associative phase = [knowledge compilation] links component parts into smooth action
Automatic phase = [procedural knowledge] automatic, little or no conscious thought required to perform it
Without practice or with stress procedural knowledge, goes …
Back to knowledge compilation
Non-declarative knowledge can lead to
To being able to explain something well, when you’ve learnt it to a subconscious level .
Big Factor affecting LTM
Amnesia - LOSS OF EPISODIC MEMORY ONLY
Two routine errors of motor programmes
Environmental capture = HABITUATION. Get used to things so much, you skip things that could be important. I.e turning & forgetting to indicate
Action slip = an error in what you recall or do. I.e. selecting flaps instead of gear.
High arousal levels lead to
Faster but less accurate responses
Response error (error of commission)
Prepare a known response for a given stimulus, but a different stimulus is given, meaning you use wrong response.
It’s important to make correct responses rather than just
Fast responses
most important ways of learning
- Classical/operant conditioning
Biggest factor affecting quality of learning
Over learning (more than required)
Performance of pilots with age
Decreases by a very small amount, if at all.
3 type of mental schema
Organise, interpret information into a compatible form
Person schema - personalities of person
Event schema - how to approach a task
Role schema - how its expected for someone to act
Advantages of mental schema
easier to remember new info related to schema
Disadvantages of mental schema
Info will not attach to schema, if you’re not thinking about the right schema
