personal nutrition 4,5 &6 Flashcards
what is the formula you need to remember?
C6H12O6
what are 3 monosacharieds?
Glucose, Fructose & Galactose
what are 3 disacharides?
Maltose(glucose+glucose), Lactose(galactose+glucose)& Sucrose(fructose+glucose)
glucose
a monosaccharide; sometimes known as blood sugar in the body or dextrose in foods.
fructose
a monosaccharide; sometimes known as fruit sugar or levulose. Fructose is found abundantly in fruits, honey, and saps
galactose
a monosaccharide; part of the disaccharide lactose.
condensation
a chemical reaction in which water is released as two molecules combine to form one larger product
Hydrolysis
To break a disaccharide in two, a chemical reaction
maltose
a disaccharide composed of two glucose units; sometimes known as malt sugar
sucrose
a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; commonly known as table sugar
lactose
a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose; commonly known as milk suga
polysaccharide
compounds composed of many monosaccharides linked together. An intermediate string of 3 to 10 monosaccharides is an oligosaccharide.
what are 3 types polyaccharides?
glycogen, starches, and fibers.
glycogen
an animal polysaccharide composed of glucose; a storage form of glucose manufactured and stored in the liver and muscles
starch
The human body stores glucose as glycogen, but plant cells store glucose as starch.The human body stores glucose as glycogen, but plant cells store glucose as
List and discuss at least seven benefits of fiber :
Provides satiety (feeling of fullness) and consequently may help with weight loss.
By binding with cholesterol in digestion it may reduce the risk of heart disease and strokes.
Increases fecal (poop) fat content preventing its absorption.
Binds with bile salts and prevents their absorption, thus reducing cholesterol levels
May reduce the risk of colon cancer
May reduce the risk of developing diverticulitis, colitis and appendicitis.
May reduce the risk of developing hemorrhoids.
Reduces fasting blood sugar levels and may increase insulin sensitivity.
Reduces constipation
Discuss the cons if any of a higher fiber diet.
may not be able to eat enough food to meet energy or nutrient needs. abdominal discomfort, gas, and diarrhea and, more seriously, can obstruct the GI tract.
How does the body control blood sugar?
as blood glucose rises, special cells of the pancreas respond by secreting insulin (IN-suh-lin) into the blood
When blood glucose falls (as occurs between meals), other special cells of the pancreas respond by secreting glucagon (GLOO-ka-gon) into the blood
Gluconeogenesis
The conversion of protein to glucose
Know the different types of diabetes and the differences between them.
gestational diabetes(one you get during pregnant), type1(insulin dependent) & type2(body doesnt recognize insulin)
Explain protein digestion and absorption.
Digestion is facilitated mostly by the stomach’s acid and enzymes, which first denature dietary proteins, then cleave them into smaller polypeptides and some amino acids. Pancreatic and intestinal enzymes split these short polypeptides further, to tripeptides and dipeptides, and then split most of these to single amino acids. Then carriers in the membranes of intestinal cells transport the amino acids into the cells, where they are released into the bloodstream
Why is high protein low carbohydrate diets not recommended?
your body will consume itself, work organs over time
water always follows what?
protein
What roles do proteins play in the body?
building block, maintians protein turnover, anzymes, hormones, regulate blood pressure, fluid balance
