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Microbiology > BInary fission > Flashcards

BInary fission Flashcards

1
Q

what is binary fission?

A

bacteria cell division

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2
Q

what are the 4 phases of bacterial growth in a growth curve?

A
  1. )lag phase
  2. )logarithmic phase
  3. )stationary phase
  4. )death phase
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3
Q

lag phase=?

A

period of adjustment

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4
Q

what are the characteristics of the lag phase?

A

a. )bacteria are adjusting to envitoment
b. )bacteria unable to adjust will NOT grow
c. )bacteria ARE metabolically active
d. )bacteria show NO signs of reproducing or dividing

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5
Q

what is the clinical application for the lag phase (AKA period of adjustment) ?

A

incubation period of disease (before the onset of symptoms)

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6
Q

logarithmic phase=?

A

period of bacteria GROWTH

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of the logarithmic phase?

A

a. )bacteria cells are actively dividing (divide at maximun rate)
b. )growth rate influenced by 2 things
c. )bacteria are at metabolic PEAK
d. )bacteria are MOST susceptible to antibiotics and antiseptics

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8
Q

what are the 2 thing that influence the growth rate?

A
  1. )physical/chemical enviroment

2. )genetic make up

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9
Q

what is the clinical application for the logarithmic phase (AKA period of bacterial growth)?

A

onset of symptoms, acute phase of disease sypmtoms

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10
Q

Stationary phase=?

A

maximum # of cells the environment can support

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of the stationary phase?

A

a. )NO increase in population size
b. )bacteria cell switch to LOWEST metabolic rate
c. )cells tend to be LESS susceptible to antibiotics
d. )spore formers from endospores as a protective mechanism
e. )if growth conditions become favorable again, cells could return to log phase of growth

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12
Q

what are the 2 factors that affect no increase of population size?

A
  1. )death rate= reproduction rate

2. )every cell in the population stops dividing but none die

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13
Q

what is the clinical application for stationary phase (AKA maximum # of cells the environment can support)?

A

symptoms starting to diminish, fever diminish

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14
Q

death phase=?

A

a dead cell is a cell that can no longer divide even if conditions improve

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15
Q

what the characteristics for death phase?

A

a. )cell death occurs ar an exponential rate

b. )death rate is at MAXIMUM rate

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16
Q

what is the clinical application for death phase (AKA a dead cell that can no longer divide even if conditions improve)?

A

recovery!

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17
Q

LOOK at growth curve at page 34 in your notes!

A

it WILL be on the exam my niggah

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18
Q

what is binary fission NOT?

A

mitosis or meiosis cell division processes.

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19
Q

what is the outline of binary fission process? (there are 6 steps)

A
  1. )Binary fission begins with 1 parent bacteria cell that contains a single chromosome loop of DNA.
  2. )In preparation for cell division, the parent cell duplicates or replicates its DNA chromosome.
  3. )This results in a Parent cell with 2 complete, identical copies of the original parent DNA chromosome. (DNA duplication is an essential step as the parent cell is preparing to divide into 2 daughter cells so that each new daughter cell will have a complete replica of the original parent DNA molecule.)
  4. )At the end of DNA replication stage, the parent bacteria cell will increase in size and eventually elongate or lengthen.
  5. )A cell wall will form in the center of the parent bacteria cell separating the 2 DNA molecules and equally dividing the cytoplasm and cell contents. This results in 2 daughter cells of equal size, each with a DNA molecule identical to the original parent cell.
  6. )At the end of Binary Fission, the 2 newly created daughter cells are clones of the original parent, identical genetically to the parent cell.
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20
Q

define generation time

A

time it takes a single cell or population to double in size

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21
Q

what is generation time influenced by?

A

genetic make up, environment conditions

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22
Q

do all microbes dehydrate at the same rate?

A

NO

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23
Q

do all microbes require water for growth?

A

YES

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24
Q

what are the top 3 elements are required for cell growth and metabolism?

A

carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

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25
Q

what is the #1 element found in organic molecules?

A

carbon

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26
Q

what is the #1 element that all living require?

A

carbon

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27
Q

what is nitrogen important for?

A

production of proteins and nucleic acids including the DNA molecule

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28
Q

what is phosphorous important for?

A

production of phospholipids and ATP

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29
Q

what is sulfur important for?

A

certain protein molecules in the cell

30
Q

photo=?

A

sunlight

31
Q

troph=?

A

how a cell obtains its food

32
Q

what source of energy does phototrophic bacteria use?

A

absorb sunlight or UV light to provide energy for the cell

33
Q

can pathogenic bacteria be categorized as phototrophic phototroph?

A

NO

34
Q

chemo=?

A

chemicals

35
Q

what source of energy does chemotrophic bacteria use?

A

use organic or inorganic chemical molecules to provide energy for the cell

36
Q

can pathogenic bacteria be categorized as chemotrophic chemotroph?

A

YES

37
Q

where does phtotoautotroph get its energy source?

A

sunlight

38
Q

where does phtotoautotroph get its carbon source?

A

carbon dioxide

39
Q

define phtotoautotroph

A

bacteria that obtain their energy from the sun and the cells can make their own food, therefore, this bacteria is SELF SUFFICIENT

40
Q

what is and example photoautotroph?

A

cyanobacteria

41
Q

where does chemoautotroph get its energy source?

A

INORGANIC molecules like SULFUR or NITROGEN

42
Q

where does chemoaurotroph get is carbon source?

A

carbon dioxde

43
Q

what is an example of chemoaurotroph?

A

archeabacteria

44
Q

can human pathogens be classified as chemoaurotroph?

A

NO

45
Q

can human pathogens be classified as photoautotroph?

A

NO

46
Q

auto=?

A

SELF

47
Q

heterotroph=?

A

NOT self sufficient

48
Q

where does photoheterotroph get it energy source?

A

sunlight

49
Q

where does photoheterotroph get its carbon source?

A

ORGANIC molecules like protein or sugar

50
Q

what is an exmaple of phtotoheterotroph?

A

purple non sulfur bacteria

51
Q

can human pathogens be photoheterotroph?

A

NO

52
Q

where does chemoheterotroph get its energy source?

A

ORGANIC molecules

53
Q

where does chemoheterotroph get its carbon source?

A

ORGANIC molecules

54
Q

what are examples of chemoheterotroph?

A

pathogen & saprobe

55
Q

what is the temperature required for psychrophiles to live?

A

-5C, -20C COLD AF!!!!

56
Q

what is the temperature required for mecophiles to live?

A

20C-50C temperate soil, human body

57
Q

what is the temperature required for thermophiles to live?

A

50C-80C HOT

58
Q

what is the temperature for extreme thermophiles to live?

A

> 80C HOT AF!!!!

59
Q

define obligate aerobe

A

NEED oxygen to grow REPRODUCE

60
Q

define obligate anerobe

A

KILLED in the presence of oxygen

61
Q

define aerotolerant organisms

A

GROW in the presence or absence of oxygen but DO NOT use Oxygen and, therefore, grow BETTER in ANAEROBIC conditions.

62
Q

define facultative anaerobe

A

GROW in the presence or absence of Oxygen, PREFER the presence of Oxygen and, therefore, grow BETTER in AEROBIC conditions

63
Q

what conditions are required for microaerophile to grow?

A

LOW oxygen concentration 10%

HIGH carbon dioxide concentration 90%

64
Q

what is the perfect environment to grow and study microaerophiles?

A

candle jar

65
Q

0-7 ph =?

A

ACID

66
Q

7-14 ph =?

A

BASE (alkaline)

67
Q

7 ph=?

A

NEUTRAL

68
Q

most bacteria prefer the __ ph

A

7

69
Q

what is the ph range fore most bacterias?

A

6-8

70
Q

saprobe=?

A

decomposer

Microbiology (6 decks)

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