Personal Identity and Personhood

Question 1

BLANK - personal identity persists over time because you remain in the same body from birth to death.

Answer 1

Body Theory

Question 2

For Locke, the thing that makes you you is the non-physical stuff – BLANK .

Answer 2

your consciousness.

Question 3

BLANK identity persists over time, because you retain memories of yourself at different points, and each of those memories is connected to one before it.

Answer 3

Memory Theory

Question 4

BLANK argued that the idea of the self doesn’t persist over time. He said there is no you that is the same person from birth to death. He said the concept of the self is just an illusion.

Answer 4

Hume

Question 5

BLANK agrees with Hume that there isn’t such a thing as personal identity over time.

Answer 5

Parfit

Question 6

BLANK says that each of us has a psychological connectedness with ourselves over time.

Answer 6

Parfit

Question 7

Think about your life as being like a piece of chainmail. The mesh that is your personal identity is made up of lots of separate chains, and those chains intersect at certain points, to make up the chain mail. As you follow the timeline of one particular set of links, new links are being created that add to the chain. And as time passes, the links that are farther back in your past slowly start to drop off, as they lose their psychological connection to you.

Answer 7

YES

Question 8

Parfit’s theory gives us an answer! Your BLANK TO BLANK to the person who made the promise or incurred the responsibility.

Answer 8

degree of responsibility and obligation corresponds to your degree of connection

Question 9

“Human” is a biological term – you’re human if you have human DNA. That’s it.

Answer 9

Human

Question 10

Person Is BLANK.

Answer 10

not equal to Human

Question 11

BLANK - beings who are part of our moral community.

Answer 11

Persons

Question 12

BLANK - an irreversible unconscious state of brain.

Answer 12

Persistent vegetative states

Question 13

A contemporary American legal scholar named BLANK gives us one option he calls it theBLANK - This view says you are a person if you have human DNA, and you are not a person if you don’t.

Answer 13

John Noonan, genetic criterion

Question 14

But American philosopher Mary Ann Warren offers five, more specific criteria that she believes, together, constitute personhood: Cognitive criteria of personhood.

Answer 14

CONSCIOUSNESS
REASONING
SELF MOTIVATED ACTIVITY
CAPACITY TO COMMUNICATE
SELF-AWARENESS

Question 15

In her view, if a being is incapable of communicating, isn’t aware of itself as a self, can’t think, or move around on its own, or isn’t conscious, then she says that’s not a being that we call a person, even if it happens to have human DNA. Now you might have noticed that Warren’s criteria definitely rules out fetuses.

Answer 15

YES

Question 16

BLANK - This view says that you’re a person whenever society recognizes you as a person, or whenever someone cares about you.

Answer 16

Social criterion

Question 17

So, then there’s contemporary Australian moral philosopher BLANK, who says that the key to personhood is BLANK, the ability to feel pleasure and pain.

Answer 17

Peter Singer, sentience

Question 18

Now, some people think that BLANK is a right, a sort of ticket to the moral community that you forfeit when you violate the laws of society in a major way. In this view, you can surrender your own BLANK through grossly inhumane actions.

Answer 18

personhood

Question 19

BLANK - the view that the world is made only of physical stuff, including us.

Answer 19

Reductive physicalism

Question 20

Descartes’ BLANK - says that the world is made of both physical stuff and mental stuff.

Answer 20

Substance Dualism

Question 21

BLANK - the theory that there are two entities, mind and body, each of which can have an effect on each other.

Answer 21

Interactionism

Question 22

BLANK - – instances of subjective, first-person experience. It is what it feels like to stub your toe, or take the first bite out of a slice of pizza, or to learn that you have been deeply betrayed by a trusted friend.

Answer 22

Qualia

Question 23

BLANK - physical states can give rise to mental states, but mental states can’t affect physical states.

Answer 23

Epiphenomenalism

Question 24

But then there’s contemporary British philosopher BLANK , who advocates a view called mysterianism.

Answer 24

Colin McGinn

Question 25

BLANK - the question of consciousness is unsolvable by human minds.

Answer 25

Mysterianism

Question 26

A machine or system that mimics some aspect of human intelligence is known as BLANK .
Weak AI is characterized by its relatively narrow range of thought-like abilities.

Answer 26

Weak AI

Question 27

BLANK , on the other hand, is a machine or system that actually thinks like us. Whatever it is that our brains do, strong AI is an inorganic system that does the same thing.

Answer 27

Strong AI

Question 28

BLANK – that he thought would be able to demonstrate when a machine had developed the ability to think like us.

Answer 28

Turing Test