Ethics

Question 1

BLANK, which studies the very foundations of morality itself.

Answer 1

Metaethics

Question 2

BLANK- the belief that there are moral facts, in the same way that there are scientific facts.
In this view, any moral proposition can only be true, or false. Murder is Morally Wrong

Answer 2

Moral Realism

Question 3

BLANK- This is the belief that moral propositions don’t refer to objective features of the world at all – that there are no moral facts. There are no moral facts, only moral attitudes.

Answer 3

Moral Antirealism

Question 4

The BLANK is the search for a foundation for our moral beliefs, something solid that would make them true in a way that is clear, objective, and unmoving.

Answer 4

The grounding problem of ethics

Question 5

BLANK- there are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged.

Answer 5

Moral Absolutism

Question 6

BLANK- more than one moral position on a given topic can be correct.

Answer 6

Moral Relativism

Question 7

Moral Relativism: BLANK : descriptive cultural relativism- people’s moral beliefs differ from culture to culture. Like, some cultures believe that capital punishment is morally right, and other cultures believe it’s morally wrong – that killing another human is inherently unethical.

Answer 7

Descriptive Cultural relativism

Question 8

BLANK it’s not your beliefs but moral facts themselves differ from culture to culture. So in this view, capital punishment is morally correct in some cultures and is morally wrong in others.

Answer 8

Normative cultural relativism

Question 9

BLANK. This view says that moral statements can be true and false – right or wrong – but they refer only to people’s attitudes, rather than their actions.

Answer 9

Moral Subjectivism

Question 10

These moral frameworks are known as BLANK. They’re moral foundations that help you come up with consistent answers about right and wrong conduct.

Answer 10

ethical theories

Question 11

BLANK- relies on the starting assumption that God created the universe according to a well-ordered plan.

Answer 11

Natural law theory

Question 12

BLANK- relies on the starting assumption that all beings share a common desire to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

Answer 12

Utilitarianism

Question 13

BLANK, which are the building blocks that make up the theories. And these principles can be shared between more than one theory.

Answer 13

Moral Principles

Question 14

BLANK- the belief that what’s moral, and what’s immoral is commanded by the divine.

Answer 14

Divine Command Theory

Question 15

The Euthypro problem BLANK.

Answer 15

1. Are right actions right because God commands them? 2. Are actions commanded by God because they are right?

Question 16

Philosophers have actually likened a dilemma to holding an angry bull by the BLANK– so the two unpleasant options are known as BLANK.

Answer 16

horns

Question 17

So, in this view, God makes goodness. And by extension, this suggests that anything God commands is right. If God determines the rightness and wrongness of everything, just by saying so, then the entire concept of goodness and value becomes vacuous.

Answer 17

YES

Question 18

So, Aquinas’ theorized that God made us pre-loaded with the tools we need to know what’s Good. This idea became known as the BLANK

Answer 18

natural law theory

Question 19

BLANK- In fact, the theory of natural law is based on the idea that God wants us to want things – specifically, good things.

Answer 19

Natural Law

Question 20

The 7 basic goods BLANK

Answer 20

life the production educate one’s offspring seek God live in society avoid offense Shun ignorance

Question 21

Hume said it’s fallacious to assume that just because something is a certain way, that means that it ought to be that way. But that’s basically what natural law theory does all day long.

Answer 21

OKAYY

Question 22

Like, if your desire is to get money, then you ought to get a job. If your desire is get an A in class, then you ought to study. Kant called these BLANK

Answer 22

if-then statements hypothetical imperatives.

Question 23

But Kant viewed morality not in terms of hypothetical imperatives, but through what he called BLANK - These are commands you must follow, regardless of your desires.

Answer 23

categorical imperatives

Question 24

Kant said the categorical imperative can be understood in terms of various formulations. And he came up with BLANK of the categorical imperative.

Answer 24

four formulations

Question 25

Formulation 1: The universality principle: only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction.

Answer 25

YES

Question 26

So, as a Kantian, before I act, I would ask myself, what’s the maxim of my action? In other words, what’s the general rule that stands behind the particular action I’m considering?

Answer 26

YES

Question 27

Formulation 2: ask so that you treat humanity whether in your own person or in that of another always as an end and never was a mere means.

Answer 27

YES