Personal Hygiene Flashcards
Hygiene
Skin, feet, nails, oral, nasal cavities, teeth, hair,
eyes, ears and perineal-genital areas.
Skin function
Protection, secretion, excretion, temperature
regulation and sensation.
Primary layers of skin
Epidermis - shields underlying tissue
Dermis - contains bundles of collagen, nerve
fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous
glands and hair follicles
Subcutaneous tissue - lies just beneath the skin;
contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph, and loose connective tissue filled with fat cells.
The Oral Cavity
The oral cavity is lined with mucous
membranes.
Normal oral mucosa is light pink,
soft, moist, smooth, and without lesions.
Assistance with oral hygiene is for
- Limited mobility
- Debilitating pain or movement restrictions
- Altered conscioussness levels
- Cognitive problems, (confusion for old ppl)
- Eating or drinking difficulties(potential dehydration)
- Compromised immuned systems (risk of infection)
- Radiotherapy treatment to head and neck
8 oxygen therapy (drying)
9 breathlessness
The feet hands and nails
Requires special attention to prevent infection,
odor and injury.
Normal nail is transparent, smooth, and convex,
with a pink nail bed and a translucent white tip
Dry mouth
Xerostomia
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gums
What to assess during hygiene
Emotional status
Health promotion practices
Health care education needs
Factors influencing personal hygiene
Social practices
Personal preferences
Body image
Socioeconomic status
Health beliefs
Cultural variables
Developmental stage
Physical condition
General functions of integumentary system
Protects from mechanical injury
Physical protection from pathogen
Chemical prevention
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Metabolic functions
Looking good
3 pigments of skin color
Melanin
Carotene
Hemoglobin
Function of skin
1.Protection of body
2. Sensation/sense organ
3. Temperature regulation or maintenance
4. Excretion and secretion
Assessment for patient
Data of clients skin care
Asses client self care abilities to determine amount of nursing assistance and type of bath best for client
What to consider during assessment of client self care abilities
Ability to sit
Actuvity tolerance
Strength ROM
vision
Clients preferences
Cognition and motivation
Functional level (dependent or independent)
Present or current skin issue
Guidelines for assessing the skin
- Assisting with hygiene provide opportunity to assess skin
- Do systematically in head to toe sequence
- Use good source of light (daylight)
- Compare bilateral parts for symmetry
- Use standard terminology to report and record findings
Basic principles for assessing the skin and mucous membrane
- Unbroken and healthy and mucous membranes serves as first lime of defense against harmful agents
- Resistance to injury of skin and mucous membranes varies
- Body cells adequately nourished and hydrated are resistant to injury
- Adequate circulation is necessary
Factors to consider when examining the skin
- Cleanliness
- Color
- Temperature
- Turgor
- Moisture
- Sensation
6, vascularity - Evidence of lesions
Common Skin Problems
- Abrasion (layers scrapped or rubbed away)
- Excessive Dryness (flaky and rough skin) (give alcohol free lotions)
- Ammonia dermatitis (reddened and sore) (because of urea)
- Acne (inflammatory condition)
- Erythema (rashes exposure to sun elevated body temp) (wash carefully and apply antiseptic spray)
- Hirsutism - excessive hair
Assessing the skin
Inspection palpation and use of olfactory sense
I. Color
Pallor - pale complexion
Cyanosis - blue nailbeds
Jaundice - yellowish timge
Vitiligo - patches of hypopigmented skin
II. Temperature and Moisture
Diaphoresis - excessive perspiration
Bromhidrosis - foul smelling perspiration
III. Lesions - Primary Secondary
Erosion (stretch marks ruptured vesicles)
Foot and nail
Foot - contains 26 bones, 107 ligaments and 19 muscles
Nails - transparent smooth convex with pink nail beds
Common foot and nail problems
- Callus - thickened epidermis
- Corn - keeatosis caused by friction
- Unpleasant odors
- Plantar warts - sole of foot caused by papovavirus hominis
- Fissures - deep groves
Nursing intervention: good foot hygiene and application of antiseptic
Stages of pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer)
Stage 1. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
- heralding lesion of skin
Stage 2. Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and dermis
- abrasion, blister, shallow crater
Stage 3. Full thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to but not through underlying fascia
- deep crater
Stage 4. Full thickness skin loss with exttensive destruction tissue
(Necrosis to bone, muscle or supporting structures)
Factors influencing skin condition
- Infant’s skin & mucous membranes are
easily injured & subject to infection. - A child’s skin becomes increasingly
resistant to injury & infection - Adolescent’s skin ordinarily has enlarged
sebaceous glands & increased glandular
secretion caused by hormonal changes
in the body - Secretions from the skin glands are at their
maximum during adolescence and up to
50y/o - The skin becomes thinner & less elastic & supple
with aging - Very thin & very obese people tend to be more
subject to skin irritation and injury - Dehydration predisposes to skin injury
Diseases of the skin are usually characterized by
various lesions that require special care to
promote personal hygiene & to carry out
therapeutic regimens
Factors that negatively affect skin health:
- Poor nutrition and hydration
• Advancing age
• Incontinence
• Medical interventions, such as radiotherapy and
chemotherapy
• Concurrent or underlying skin conditions
• Surgical interventions, wounds and drains
• Poor mobility
Hair and scalp problems
- Dandruff
- Hair loss / alopecia
- Ticks
- Pediculosis
- pediculus capitis - head louse
- pediculus corporis - body louse
- pediculus pubis - pubic area - Scabies
2 contributing factors to ulcer formation
- Friction
- Shearing force
A valid and reliable assessment tool used primarily to assess the level of risk of developing pressure injuries.
Braden Scale
Types of Bath
- Cleansing Bath
- Therapeutic bath
Types of baby bath
- Sponge bath
- Tub bath
- Lap bath
- Oil bath
Given to sick babies
Sponge bath
Premature babies and sick babies are given
Oil bath
