NGT Flashcards
recommended amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specific body function for 50% of the population based on age and gender.
estimated average requirement (EAR)
present evidence-based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age-group.
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)
represents the average needs of 98% of the population, not the exact needs of the individual.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
the suggested intake for individuals based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intakes and is used when there is not enough evidence to set the RDA.
Adequate Intake (AI)
the highest level that likely poses no risk of adverse health events.
Upper Intake Level (UL)
5 major food guidelines
Grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein
5 Alternative food patterns
- Ovolactovegetarian (avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats eggs and milk).
- Lactovegetarian (drinks milk but avoids eggs)
- Vegan (consumes only plant foods)
- Zen macrobiotic (brown rice, other
grains, and herb tea) - Fruitarian (consumes fruit, nuts,
honey, and olive oil).
provides nutrients into the GI tract.
It is the preferred method of meeting nutritional needs if a patient is unable to swallow or take in nutrients orally yet has a functioning GI tract.
Enteral nutrition / tube feeding
4 types of enteral formula
Polymeric 1-2 kcal/mL - milk based blenderized foods
Modular formula 3.8 - 4 kcal/mL - consists of single macronutrient
Elemental formula 1-3 kcal/mL - predigested nutrients that are easier for a partially dysfunctional GI tract to absorb.
Specialty formula 1-2 kcal/mL - designed to meet specific nutritional needs in certain illnesses
are used when patients begin to eat a normal diet but still need additional nutritional support
Cyclical feedings
are used with patients who are unable to ingest food but maintain the ability to digest and absorb nutrients.
Enteral access tube
Nutrients are provided intravenously.
Patients unable to digest or absorb enteral nutrition or are in highly stressed
physiological states.
Parenteral tube feeding
2 types of parenteral solutions
Crystalloid solutions - electrolytes
Colloid solutions - Large molecules that are unable to pass through semipermeable membranes
ABDC Data
anthropometric, biochemical, clinical,
and dietary.
clear fat-free broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit juices, gelatin, fruit ices, popsicles.
Clear Liquid
as for clear liquid with addition of smooth-textured dairy products (e.g., ice cream), strained or blended cream soups, custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, pureed vegetables, all fruit juices, sherbets, puddings, frozen yogurt.
Full liquid
for clear and full liquid, with addition of scrambled eggs, pureed meats, vegetables, and fruits, mashed potatoes, and gravy.
Dysphagia stages, thickened liquids, pureed
as for clear and full liquid and pureed, with addition of all cream soups, ground, or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter, eggs (not fried).
Mechanical Soft
addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods such as pastas, casseroles, moist tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables, desserts, cakes, and cookies without nuts or coconut.
Soft/low residue
addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal, and dried fruits.
High fiber
4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500- mg sodium diets, vary from no-added-salt to severe sodium restriction which requires selective food purchases.
Low sodium
4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500- mg sodium diets, vary from no-added-salt to severe sodium restriction which requires selective food purchases.
Low sodium
300mg/day cholesterol, in keeping with American Heart Association guidelines for serum lipid reduction.
Low cholesterol
American Diabetes Association; focus on total energy, nutrient, and food distribution; include a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; varied caloric recommendations to accommodate patient’s metabolic demands.
Diabetic
eliminates wheat, oats, rye, barley, and their derivatives.
Gluten Free
no restrictions unless specified.
Regular
A rare but potentially fatal complication of tube feeding.
Refeeding Syndrome
intravenous infusion of dextrose, water, fat, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements.
Intravenous Hyperalimentation
