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Educational Psych-quiz 1 > Personal And Social Development Ch3 > Flashcards

Personal And Social Development Ch3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What can affect personality development? (5)

A 
Temperament 
Parenting 
Culture 
Peers
Self-socialisation
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2
Q

Describe temperament

A

The genetic predisposition to respond in particular ways to ones physical and social environment

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3
Q

How to accodomate for students whit high energy levels

A

Minimise downtime between activities

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4
Q

How to accommodate for shy students

A

Be warm and attentive

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5
Q

How to accommodate for students who have difficulty adapting to new circumstances

A

Given advance notice of unusual activities and provide extra structure and reassurance

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6
Q

How to accommodate for students who are overwhelemed by chaos and noise

A

Find or create calm or peaceful environment for them.

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7
Q

How to accommodate for impulsive students

A

Teach self regulation

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8
Q

Which students are more likely to have secure attachment to their parents.

A

The amiable affectionate independent self confident and cooperative ones

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9
Q

What is culture?

A

The behaviour and belief systems of a long standing social group

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10
Q

What is self socialisation

A

Tendency to integrate personal observations and others input into self constructed standards for behaviour and to choose actions accordingly.

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11
Q

What is a sense of self

A

Perception beliefs judgements and feelings about who you are (self worth, self efficacy)

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12
Q

Name three factors influencing the development of self view

A

Previous performance
Behaviour of others
Group membership and achievements

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13
Q

What characterises the sense of self I’m childhood

A

Children focus on physical concrete characteristics

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14
Q

What characterises the sense of self In early adolescence

A

Children’s focus turns to more general traits not as much emphasis on physical

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15
Q

What characterises the sense of self In late adolescence

A

Majority of older adolescence have positive self concepts and overall mental health

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16
Q

What are Erik eriksons eight stages of psychosocial development ?

A

Trust vs mistrust (infancy)
Autonomy vs shame (toddler)
Initiative vs guilt (preschool years)
Industry bs inferiority (elementary school years)
Identity vs told confusion (adolescence )
Intimacy vs isolation (young adulthood )
Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood )
Integrity vs despair (late adulthood )

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17
Q

What are Marcia’s four statuses of identity?

A

Moratorium
Identity diffusion
Foreclosure
Identity achievement

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18
Q

What is moratorium

A

Individual is searching for an identity, considering all the options available for a career and belief system

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19
Q

What is identity diffusion

A

Individual has not made any commitments to a career or belief system nor has he considered them or engaged in exploratory behaviours

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20
Q

Foreclosure

A

Individual has made a firm commitment to an occupation and belief system but has not engaged in any exploration of other alternatives

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21
Q

What is identity achievement ?

A

Individual has gone though a period of moratorium and has emerged with commitment to a career and belief system

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22
Q

Why are peer relationships important ?

A

They teach social skills and provide emotional support

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23
Q

Describe friends

A

Friends are peers with whom we spend one on one time
Close friends are similar in age and usually the same sex and have same interests
Close friendships foster self esteem and provide a sense of identity.

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24
Q

Name three types of peer groups

A

Cliques
Crowds
Gangs

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25
Q

Describe cliques

A

Exclusive in nature

3 to 10 individuals

26
Q

Describe crowds

A

Can take form of subculture

27
Q

Describe gangs

A

Cohesive social group characterised by initiation rites, distinctive clothing, etc.

28
Q

What are the benefits of romantic relationships ?

A

Companionship, affection and security

Opportunities to experiment with new social skills and interpersonal behaviours

29
Q

How are popular students viewed by others?

A

Kind and trustworthy

30
Q

What’s the difference between rejected and neglected kids

A

Rejected students are viewed as being undesirable social partners while neglected students almost seem invisible and have very few positive or negavirive rag rings

31
Q

What is social cognition

A

The ability to think about how other people are likely to think act and react

32
Q

How is theory of mind seen in childhood

A

Not until age 4 or 5 do children recognise that another person’s might have other thoughts

33
Q

How is theory of mind in adolescence?

A

Children recognise multiple feelings and thoughts even when they are contradictory

34
Q

How is theory of mind seen in late adolescence

A

Children are more in tune with others intentions and take time to decipher motives and consider
Other perspective

35
Q

Boys display what kind of aggression

A

Physical aggression

36
Q

What kind of aggression do girls display

A

Relational aggression

37
Q

What is proactive aggression.

A

Initiating aggressive behaviour to reach a goal. Results in difficulty maintaining friendships and often being labelled as bullies

38
Q

What is reactive aggression ?

A

Aggressive reaction to provocation or frustration

39
Q

What are possible causes of aggression

A 
Poor perspective taking skills 
Misinterpretation of social cues 
Prevalence of self serving goals 
Poor social problem solving skills 
Beliefs about appropriateness and effectiveness of aggression
40
Q

How to foster social skills?

A

Provide numerous opportunities for social interaction
Plan cooperative activities
Help students interpret social situations in an accurate and productive way
Teach specific social skills, provide opportunities for students to practice them , and give feedback
Label and praise appropriate behaviours when they occur
Describe students as having desirable social behaviours
Establish and enforce rules for acceptable classroom behaviour

41
Q

What is prospcial behaviour

A

Pro social behaviour is behaviour that is directed toward the well being of another

42
Q

What is morality

A

Ones general standards about right and wrong

Includes such traits as honesty, fairness, and respect for other people

43
Q

How do children evaluate behaviour at an early age?

A

They use an internal standard

44
Q

Fill in the blank: children increasingly distinguish between __________ and _________

A

Moral

Coneventional transgression

45
Q

Children’s understanding of ___________ evolves throughout early and middle childhood

A

Fairness

46
Q

Children’s ability to respond emotionally to another’s ________ increases over the school years

A

Harm or distress

47
Q

Children increasingly take ___________ in their evaluation of \_______

A

Take circumstances into account

Behaviour

48
Q

______ of the decision is more important than the ______

A

Why

What

49
Q

What 2 distinct stages of reasoning (Piaget) did kohleberg draw on?

A
  • morality of constraint: focuses on consequences and authority figures
  • morality of cooperation : focuses on intent
50
Q

What are the three levels in kohlbergs theory of moral reasoning?

A

Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional

51
Q

What is the age range of people on thepreconventional stage?

A

Preschool-elementary. Some junior high; a few high school students

52
Q

What is the age range in the conventional stage?

A

Few older elementary, som

Junior high, many high school (stage 4 does not typically appear in high school )

53
Q

What is the age range of postconventional

A

Rarely seen before college (stage 6 is extremely rare)

54
Q

What are the stages in the preconventional level

A

Stage 1: avoidance of punishment

Stage 2: exchange of favours

55
Q

What are the stages in the conventional level

A

Atage 3: good child

Stage 4: law and order

56
Q

What are the stages in the postconventional level

A

Stwge 5: social contract

Stage 6: universal ethical principle

57
Q

What are the political and cultural biases in kohlbergs theory

A

Originally based only on interviews with individuals from western societies

58
Q

What are the gender biases observed in kohlbergs theory

A

Only studied hogs and men

59
Q

What are carol Gilligans criticisms of kohlbergs theory

A

Doesn’t include compassion and caring fro those in need as high development
Females socialised to stress interpersonal relationships

60
Q

What are the factors that influence moral development ?

A

Moral reasoning
Guilt, perspective taking, and empathy
Personal motives
Self perceptions

61
Q

How can one encourage moral behaviour and development in the classroom ?

A

Encourage and rewards prosocial behaviour
Discuss the reason why some behaviour as inappropriate
Model moral and prosocial behaviour
Incorporate moral issues and dilemnas into classroom discussions
Be sensitive to culture diffeeences
Use induction
Provide practice in recognising others’ emotional states
Encourage prospective talking empathy and prosocial behaviour
Expose students to numerous models
Talks about moral issues and dilemnas
Engage students in community service

Educational Psych-quiz 1 (7 decks)

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