Behaviourist Views Of Learninf Ch9 Flashcards
What are the basic assumptions of behavioursim? Oh
- People’s behaviours are largely the result of their experiences with environmental stimuli
- learning is the relationship between stimuli and response
- learning involves a behaviour change
- learning is most likely to occur when the stimuli and the response occur contigeously
- Most species learn in a similar manner
What is classical conditioning ?
A form of learning in which a new involuntary response is squires due to two stimuli being presented simultaneously.
Changes in our behaviour resulting from a association made between thoughts feelings and or behaviour and or even emotional state.
What are the three common phenomena in classical conditioning
Generalisation
Discrimanation
Extinction
What is generalisation
A stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus elicits a response
What descrimination ?
Only the conditioned stimuli elicits a response
What is extinction
The conditioned response gradually disappears (however m, we can experience spontaneous recovery )
What is operant conditioning?
This theory proposes that we learn something bc of consequences are so desirable that we are inclined to do the behaviour again (reinforcement) or behaviour can be unlearned (or stopped) bc the consequences are such that we are inclined to not do the behaviour again (punishment )
How does one use reinforcement effectively ?
Specify the desires behaviour at the beginning
Identity consequences that are truly reinforcing
Consider using group contingency when reinforcing behaviour in a large group
Make response consequences contingencies explicit
Make sure students have an opportunity to earn public reinforcement
Be consistent
Continuously monitor student progress
Why is punishment less effective
Bc it leads to immediate compliance but after it leads to the ability to avoid being cause and negative association wirh punisher. The behaviour change is only temporary.
What are the two kinds of schedules for reinforcement (consistency) ?
Continuous
Intermittent
Schedules are either based on ______ or _______
Time (interval ) On behaviour (ratio) I
Schedules reinforcement intervals And ratio can be ….
Fixed or variable
What are fixed intervals?
Set amount of time will pass before next reinforcement
What are variable intervals?
Average amount of time will pass before reinforcement
What are fixed ratio ?
Set amount of behaviours will occur before next reinforcement
What are variable ratio ?
Average amount of behaviours will occur before next reinforcement
What is shaping new behaviour ?
Process of reinforcing every behaviour that is closer to the desired behaviour
What methods can teachers use to eliminate a behaviour? Oh
Apply extinction
Cue students when they are engaged in inappropriate behaviour
Reinforce an incompatible behaviour
Use punishment wisely
How does one apply extinction?
Do not reinforce undesirable behaviour
What is presentation punishment ?
Soemthing unpleasant is added to decrease the occurrence of the behaviour
What is removal punishment
Something pleasant is removed to decrease the occurrence of the behaviour
Give two tips on how to maintain desirable behaviours.
Promote intrinsic reinforcement
Use intermittent reinforcement
Why is intermittent reinforcement best?
More resistant to extinction
What are 3 common appreciated to address difficult classroom behaviours ?
Applied behavioural analysis (systematic application of principle of behaviourism )
Function analysis (focuses on changing response- reinforcement contingencies )
Positive behavioural support (identifying purpose of undesirable behaviours and providing alternative behaviours)
