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Educational Psych-quiz 1 > Individual Differences And Special Educational Needs Ch5 > Flashcards

Individual Differences And Special Educational Needs Ch5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are individual differences ?

A

Variability in abilities and characteristics among students at a particular age

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2
Q

What are students with special needs

A

Students different enough from their peers to require specially adapted materials and practice

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3
Q

What is the purpose of labelling?

A

Labels assist teachers in selecting appropriate instructional strategies

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4
Q

The difficulty of labelling is :

A

Label can be misused and misunderstood

Labels do not define a person.

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5
Q

Where do differences originate from?

A

Most are the result of both hereditary and the environment

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6
Q

Define intelligence

A

Ability to modify and adjust behaviours to accomplish tasks successfully. Involves many different mental processes. May vary in nature depending on pens culture.

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7
Q

Intelligence…

A

Is adaptive
Can be related to learning ability
Involves the use of prior knowledge to analyse and understand new situations.
Involves many different mental processes
Is evident in different arenas
Is culture specific

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8
Q

What are the limitation of intelligence tests ? (6)

A
  • different kinds of intelligence tests may yield different scores.
  • students’ performance is affected by many temporary factors, such as general health, mood, fatigue, etc.
  • test items typically reflect skills values in mainstream western culture.
  • unfamiliarity with the content or types of tasks in particular test items may yield poor performance
  • students with limited English proficiency are at a disadvantage
  • some students may not be motivated to perform at their best and so may obtain scores that underestimate their ability
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9
Q

What is soearmans’s g theory of intelligence

A

Theory that inellligence is a single entity, a general factor that influences ones ability to learn in a wide variety of contexts

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10
Q

What is information processing theory (spearman’s g) ?

A

Information processing rheorists believe that g reflects the speed and efficient with which people can process information learning take and problems

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11
Q

What is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?

A

And individual has at least 8 different intelligences that are relatively independent.

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12
Q

What are the gardeners eight intelligences?

A 
Linguistic 
Musical 
Interpersonal 
Logical mathematic 
Bodily kinaesthetic
Naturalistic 
Spatial 
Interpersonal
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13
Q

What are the theee components of sternberg’s triarchy theory?

A

Prior experience
Environmental contexts
Cognitive processing

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14
Q

What does sternbergs component prior experience deal with?

A

Deals with a new situation by drawing on past experience

Deals with a familiar situation quickly and efficiently

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15
Q

What is the purpose of sternbergs component environmental context?

A

Adapts behaviour to fit the environment
Adapts the environment to fit ones needs
Selects and environment conductive to success

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16
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive processes in sternbergs triarchy theory

A

Interprets new situations in useful ways
Separates important info from irrelevant details
Identifies effective problem solving strategies
Finds relationships among seemingly different ideas
Make effective use of feedback
Applies other cognitive processes as well

17
Q

What is distributed intelligence?

A

Distributed intelligence is rbr idea that intelligent behaviour depends on ppls physical and social support system

18
Q

How can people have their intelligence distributed ?

A

Three can use objects such as technology
They can represent and thejnk about situations they encounter in a symbolic manner such as in the use of diagrams and charts
They can work with others to explode ideas and solve problems

19
Q

What do intelligence tests give?

A

GenerAl measure of current cognitive functioning after used in a predictive manner.

20
Q

What are the important points to remember about iq test

A

Intelligence does not necessarily cause achievement (although it is correlated with school achievement )

  • the relationship between IQ scores and achievement is not perfect; there are always exceptions to the rule
  • IQscores simply reflect a students perfomamce on a particular test at a particular time
21
Q

What are cognitive styles and dispositions (aka learning styles)

A

Individual differences in the way that students approach classroom tasks and think about classroom topics

22
Q

Individual with disabilities education act guarantees….

A 
A free and appropriate education 
Fair and non discriminatory evaluation 
Education in the least restrictive environment 
Individualised education program 
Due process
23
Q

Learning disabilities students comprise….

A

The largest single category of students with special need

24
Q

Learning disabilities students may have

A

Difficulty sustaining attention

25
Q

Learning disabilities students have

A
  • average Or above IQ but specific deficiencies
  • poor reading skills
  • ineffective learning/memory strategies
  • difficulty with tasks involving abstract reasoning
  • poor motor skills (not always)
  • poor social skills (not always)
26
Q

Strategies for adapting instruction for students with learning disabilties include

A

Mini mixing potentially distracting stimuli
Using multiple methods of presentation
Analysing students errors doe clues about processing difficulties
Teaching learning and memory strategies
Providing study aids

27
Q

What are the characteristics of children with ADHD

A
  • inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviour
  • cognitive processing difficulties
  • poor school achievement
  • exceptional imagination and creativity
  • difficulty interpreting and reasoning about social situations
  • few friendships
28
Q

Strategies for adapting instruction do students with ADHD

A

Giving the most challenging academic subjects and task in the morning.
Teaching attention maintaining strategies
Providing outlets for excessive energy
Helping them establish routines
Teaching and encouraging appropriate classroom behaviour

29
Q

Speech and hearing communication disorders have what characteristics?

A

Difficulty speaking, particularly in public

Poor reading/writing skills

30
Q

What are the strategies to adapt instruction for students with speech and communication disorders

A

Encouraging regular oral communication
Asking for clarification when a message is unclear
Providing a supportive environment for public speaking
Listening patiently so that students have adequate time to express themselves

31
Q

What are the characteristics of a student with social or behavioural problems?

A

Difficulty interacting in socially acceptable ways
Difficulty maintaining satisfactory interpersonal relationships
Low self esteem
Frequent absences
Inability to recognise the severity of problems

32
Q

What are strategies for adapting instruction for students with social or behavioural problems ?

A 
Being alert for problems at home 
Making classroom events/topics relevent 
Showing a personal interest in student 
Being alert for suicudal signs 
Teaching interpersonal skills 
Being clear about expectation 
Identifying problems
33
Q

What is autism ?

A

It is a disability characterises by impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviours, restricted interests? And a strong need for a predictable environment

34
Q

Students with autism often have

A 
Strong visual-spatial thinking skills 
Impaired social cognition 
Echolalia 
Strong attachment to certain inanimate objects 
Abnormal
35
Q

Adapting instruction for students with physical and or sensory challenges can

A

Be sensitive
Learn about physical condition of student
Educate the classmates about the condition
Refer to text for specific recommendation for each type of deficit

36
Q

Adapting instruction for gifted students includes

A

Providing individualised tests and assignments
Foemainf study groups of students with similar interests and abilities
Teaching complex cognitive skills within the context of specific subject areas.
Providing opportunities for independent study
Encouraging students to set high goals
Seeking outside resources

Educational Psych-quiz 1 (7 decks)

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