Personal and injunctive norms Flashcards
What is approval? (2)
have a good opinion of something and accept, follow and officially agree to it
believe something should/ought to happen and is acceptable
What are personal norms?
beliefs that a certain behaviour ought to be followed (what we approve of)
In Godin et al’s (2003) condom phone call study, which factors related to reported condom use? (3)
- intention to use them in the future
- positive attitudes about them
- felt a moral obligation to use them
In Godin et al’s (2003) condom phone call study, which factors were not related to reported condom use? (3)
beliefs about…
- benefits
- barriers
- self-efficacy
According to Godin et al (2010) looking at studies of 5 different contexts, when are attitudes or personal norms more important?
personal norms are more important when it is believed by the person to be a moral issue, otherwise attitudes are important
What are injunctive norms?
beliefs about what behaviours are approved or disapproved of by others
What kind of norms are trends and fashion?
descriptive
Why are sanctions important for injunctive norms but not descriptive norms?
- the violating behaviour has a benefit to the person in injunctive norms
- the behaviour has no benefit for descriptive norms so the experience of doing it wrong and seeing others be different is enough
What happened in the electricity consumption study when participants were given descriptive norms of their neighbours? (2)
- if they were above average usually, their use would go down
- if they were below average usually, their use would go up
What happened in the electricity consumption study when participants were given descriptive norms of their neighbours and injunctive norms (emojis)? (2)
- above average usually = use went down
- below average usually = stayed the same
What is a boomerang effect?
You may change one behaviour the way you want it but then you end up changing something else negatively - like the electricity consumption one
How did descriptive and injunctive norms affect the ACDP intervention? What is a problem with the data?
- positive effect of them on changing behaviour and intervention increased them
- they were averaged in the analysis so we don’t know the individual effects of the norms
How did CLTS affect injunctive norms?
- more likely to build latrine if others approved of it
- CLTS increased this belief
Why might descriptive and injunctive norms work together?
if you see more people doing a behaviour (descriptive) you might assume that they approve of the behaviour (injunctive)
