Education and knowledge Flashcards
What is the definition of education?
the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at school or university
an enlightening experience
How was the research into pro-environmental behaviours in Europe conducted? What was measured? (2)
- in-person survey
- measured how many behaviours they had done in the past month
- measured years of education
- measured how informed people felt about the issues
How was Meyer (2015) able to manipulate education level in the European pro-environmental study?
countries brought in compulsory education at different years so some people of the same age will have different education levels
What was found in Meyer’s (2015) study about pro-environmental behaviour in Europe?
- people with more years of education reported doing more of the behaviours (except cutting down on water use)
- more educated people did not feel more informed about environmental issues
What can we conclude from Meyer’s (2015) European environmental behaviour study and what are some limitations?
- education influences behaviour by providing knowledge
- natural experiment spanned decades and countries
- no direct knowledge measure
What was measured in Wang et al’s (2022) study of pro-environmental behaviours in China? (3)
- years in education (provinces differed in years starting compulsory school)
- self-rated pro-environmental behaviours
- general environment knowledge
What was found in Wang et al’s (2022) study of pro-environmental behaviours in China?
- more years of education = more pro environmental behaviours
- more years of education = higher general environment knowledge
What do the results of Wang et al’s (2022) study of pro-environmental behaviours in China suggest?
education influences behaviour and education influences knowledge
What is the definition of knowledge?
facts, information and skills acquired through experience or education
information that you have learned
How was Yang et al’s (2022) study into vaccination in China conducted? (2)
- online survey
- convenience and snowball sampling
What was measured in Yang et al’s (2022) study into covid vaccination in China? (2)
- willingness to receive the vaccine
- general vaccine knowledge
What was found in Yang et al’s (2022) study into covid vaccination in China?
willingness to get a vaccine was higher with more accurate general knowledge of covid
What are some limitations of Yang et al’s (2022) study into covid vaccination in China? (4)
- overall knowledge was very high for everyone
- willingness is different to actual behaviour
- poor generalisability
- questions not validated, just made up by the researcher
How was Ruiz and Bell’s (2021) study into covid vaccination in the US conducted? (2)
- online survey
- sample based on demographics from the census
What was measured in Ruiz and Bell’s (2021) study into covid vaccination in the US? (in relation to the education lecture) (5)
- how likely they were to get a vaccine when available (intention)
- general vaccine knowledge
- acceptance of vaccine conspiracies
- reliance on social media for covid information
- geographic location
What was found in Ruiz and Bell’s (2021) study into covid vaccination in the US? (in relation to the education lecture) (3)
- intention was higher with more general knowledge of vaccines
- intention was lower with higher beliefs in conspiracy theories
- intention was lower with higher preference for social media to gain news
What do the results of Ruiz and Bell’s (2021) study into covid vaccination in the US suggest? (in relation to the education lecture) (3)
- it matters what type of knowledge you have, not just that you have knowledge
- results are generalisable across the US
- results are generalisable across countries (when considered with Yang et al (2022))
What is a problem with Ruiz and Bell’s (2021) study into covid vaccination in the US?
it measures intention, not the actual behaviour
How was Hochbaum’s (1958) study of TB knowledge conducted? (3)
- face to face structured interviews
- random sample of residents over 25, from the bureau of the census
- measured 3 US cities: Boston, Detroit, Cleveland
What was found in Hochbaum’s (1958) study of TB knowledge in the US? (4)
- good overall general knowledge
- general knowledge didn’t matter much - 49% who knew a lot got x-rayed, 41% who didn’t
- specific knowledge did matter (x-ray can find it before symptoms)
- people were even better if they were correctly informed and they accepted that information
What is the definition of a belief?
an acceptance that something exists or is true
information that you accept to be true
What was found in Hochbaum’s (1958) study of TB knowledge in the US when comparing the 3 cities?
- more people got voluntary x-rays in Cleveland and fewer in Detroit
- public education campaigns make a big difference in behaviour - they are in Cleveland and Boston but not Detroit
How did Ford et al (1996) study the impact of education on the spread of HIV? (4)
- baseline study showed high STD knowledge overall, but low HIV knowledge
- gave educational interactive lectures to CSWs and pimps
- gave posters and pamphlets to clients
- 2 education sites, one control in the same city
What was measured in Ford et al’s (1996) study of the impact of education on HIV knowledge in Denpasar, Bali? (3)
knowledge about HIV and knowledge about STDs
condom use
