Perry 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Define obesity
A
- overweight = Body mass index (BMI) = 25-29.9
- Obesity = BMI > 30
- BMI = weight in relation to height (Kg/m^2)
- BMI Categories
- underweight = < 18.5
- normal = 18.5-24.9
- overweight = 25-29.9
- obese = 30-39.9
- Morbid obesity = 40-49
- super obesity = 50 and above
2
Q
Obesity impact
A
- 300,000 deaths/year are obesity related
- Increase mortality rates
- 50% above ideal body weight (2x mortality rate
- diabetic and 50% above ideal weight: 5x mortality rate
- Increase Cancer risk
- breast, endometrial, cerical, colon, prostate, kidney
- Current generatino of american children will be the first in two centuries to have SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY THAN THEIR PARENTS
- life shortening impact of obesity could ris 2-5 years
3
Q
Morbid obesity
A
- morbid obesity decrease life expectancy by 5-15 yrs
- compared to normal wieght person, a 25 year old mrobidly obest man has 22% reduction in expected raminign lifespan
- this is loss of 12 years
4
Q
Dieting/medications for weight loss
A
- Dieting and exercise
- good for individual who need to lose < 30#
- does not work for long term weight control for > 100#
- Drugs
- DMI > 30 or BMI > 27 with medical conditions
- average weight loss 5-10% of body weight
- ORLISTAT –> Blocks fat absorption
- DIDREX, TENUATE, BELQIV, CONTRAVE –> decrease appetite
5
Q
consequences of obesity
A
- obesity is associated with a rise in comorbid conditions
- type 2 diabetes
- hyperlipidemia
- HTN
- obstructive sleep apnea
- heart disease
- asthma
- back and lower extremity weight bearing degenerative problem
- cancers
- depression
- ETC
6
Q
Waist circumference
A
- used to assess disease risk in adult with BMI < 35
- >40 inches in men
- > 35 inches in woemn
- INCREASED RISK OF INSULIN RESISTANCE, DIABETES, elevated TG
7
Q
HTN
A
- most common disease assocaited with obesity
- 10% weight gain –> increase BP by 6.5 mmHg systolic BP
- Goal and tx
- 10# weight loss
- diet and exercise (DASH DIET)
- surgery for severely obese
- HTN is improved/resolved in 60-70% following bariatric sruery
8
Q
DASH DIET
A
- dietary approaches to stop hypertension
- aims at prevent and control high blood pressur by limiting sodium to 2300 mg/day
- Decrease systolic blood pressure by 7-12 points
- High in potassium, phosphorus and protein
- Not recommended for ESR disease
9
Q
Dieabetes
A
- obesity is the most powerful risk factor assocaited with type 2 diabetes
- Goals:
- lose weight
- regulate BG
- regulate blood lipids
- TX
- very low calorie diet
- bariatric srugery (may improve type 2 diabetes
10
Q
Heart disease
A
- Obesity = indipendent risk factor for coronary artery disease
- elevated cholesterol
- BMI postively associated with INCREASE LDL and decrease HDL
- the higher the BMI the higher the risk of heart disease
11
Q
Metabolic syndrome
A
- Insulin resistance syndrome; syndrome X
- hyperinsulinemia
- dyslipidemia
- impaired glucose tolerance
- HTN
- Tx
- increase omega-3 FA, increase fiber, lower glycemic index diet
- exercise
- surgery
12
Q
cancers associated with Obesity
A
endometrial
postmenopausal breast
colon
kidney
pancreas, liver, gallbladder
13
Q
External factors leading to obesity
A
- energy balance
- basal metabolic rate
- thermic effect of food
- physical activity
- Environment
- media
- neighborhood
- parents as role models for kids
- Smoking
- 1pack/day –> 10% increase calories burned
- smoking cessation decrease metabolic rate
14
Q
basal metabolic rate
A
- involutnary activities
- breathing
- organ function
- regulating body temp
*
15
Q
termic effect of food
A
- amounnt of energy used to process/digest food
- 8-10% of consumed energy for a mixed diet
- proteins have higher thermic effect of food than fats and carbs
- Negative caloric balance foods
- celery
- grapefruit
