Permanent Premolars

Question 1

what is the palatal surface of the upper 4 like compared to the buccal surface?

Answer 1

slightly lower and much narrower

Question 2

what is the distal surface of the upper 4 like?

Answer 2

convex

Question 3

what is the mesial surface of the upper 4 like?

Answer 3

convex in the occlusal half and concave in the cervical half

Question 4

what is a canine fossa?

Answer 4

the concavity on the mesial surface of the upper 4. it contacts the distal surface of the upper canine

Question 5

what are the distinguishing features of the upper first premolar?

Answer 5

well-defined groove in the enamel of the mesial marginal ridge. this groove is in alignment with the developmental depression on the mesial surface of the root and is continuous with the central groove of the occlusal surface

Question 6

what does occlusal surface of the upper 4 appear like?

Answer 6

roughly oval, buccal cusp is wider and higher then lingual cusp, has a marked mesial displacement of the lingual cusp

Question 7

what are the two cusps on the upper 4 separated by?

Answer 7

a sharp fissure running mesio-distally which does not reach the distal marginal ridge but often extends across the mesial marginal ridge onto the mesial surface

Question 8

what is significant of the lingual cusp of the upper 4?

Answer 8

it has a marked mesial displacement

Question 9

what marginal ridge is more cervical on the upper 4?

Answer 9

distal

Question 10

how many roots do the upper 4 have?

Answer 10

2 roots - one buccal and one lingual

Question 11

what is the buccal surface of the upper 5 like in comparison to the upper 4?

Answer 11

smaller

Question 12

why are the two cusps of the upper 5 the same height?

Answer 12

the reduction in size of the buccal cusp

Question 13

what is the mesial surface of the upper 5 like?

Answer 13

no developmental depression and is convex

Question 14

what marginal ridge is more cervical on the upper 5?

Answer 14

distal

Question 15

what separates the cusps on the upper 5?

Answer 15

a sharp fissure running mesio-distally which does not reach the marginal ridges

Question 16

what is the occlusal surface of the upper 5 like compared to the upper 4?

Answer 16

more symmetrical with only slight mesial displacement of the lingual cusp

Question 17

what is the buccal surface of the lower 4 like?

Answer 17

inclined strongly lingually so that its tip lies almost above the centre of the tooth

Question 18

what is the lingual surface of the lower 4 like?

Answer 18

slightly narrower and much lower than the buccal surface

Question 19

what is the occlusal surface of the lower 4 like?

Answer 19

almost round (canine-like), greater difference in buccal and lingual cusps height and has a small groove running from the mesial pit onto the mesio-lingual surface

Question 20

what is the crown of the lower 5 like?

Answer 20

much larger than that of the first

Question 21

what is the occlusal surface of the lower 5 like?

Answer 21

the lingual cusp is much larger than that of the first and is displaced mesially

Question 22

how many cusps does the lower 5 have?

Answer 22

maybe 2 but the mesial is larger

Question 23

which is the bigger fossa on the lower 5?

Answer 23

distal

Question 24

what marginal ridge is more cervical on the lower 4?

Answer 24

mesial

Question 25

what marginal ridge is more cervical on the lower 5?

Answer 25

distal

Question 26

what does unilateral mean?

Answer 26

affecting only one side

Question 27

what does bilateral mean?

Answer 27

affecting both sides

Question 28

what does ipsilateral mean?

Answer 28

belonging to or occurring on the same side of the body

Question 29

what does contralateral mean?

Answer 29

occurs on the opposite side of the body