Oral Environment 2 - Salivary Proteins and Control of Saliva Secretion

Question 1

name 3 main salivary proteins

Answer 1

amylase, histatin, immunoglobins

Question 2

what is the role of amylase in saliva and where is it present?

Answer 2

defence role, present in most mucosal gland secretions

Question 3

what is the role of lysozyme and where is it present?

Answer 3

non-specific defence - attacks bonds in bacterial cell walls causing lysis. it is present in many secretions

Question 4

what is the role of lactoperoxidase ?

Answer 4

antibacterial action

Question 5

what do cystatins do in saliva and what is their function?

Answer 5

inhibit cysteine proteases and has an antimicrobial function

Question 6

what does gustin do in saliva?

Answer 6

facilitate taste function by activating taste buds

Question 7

what do histatins do?

Answer 7

inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation and has an antimicrobial function

Question 8

what bacteria do histatins inhibit?

Answer 8

candida albicans, streptococcus mutans

Question 9

what do immunoglobins do and where do they come from?

Answer 9

confers specific immunity against bacteria and are from plasma cells in salivary glands

Question 10

what is the role of lactoferrin?

Answer 10

antibacterial especially against iron requiring bacteria

Question 11

what does lipase do?

Answer 11

hydrolyses triglycerides

Question 12

what do mucoproteins do?

Answer 12

bind to tooth and epithelial surfaces, protective role, lubrication, affects bacterial adhesion and promotes bacterial aggregation so there is easier clearance from the mouth

Question 13

what do proline-rich proteins do?

Answer 13

inhibit growth of calcium phosphate, adsorb onto hydroxyapatite, regulates bacterial attachment

Question 14

what is the effect of proline-rich proteins adsorbing onto hydroxyapatite

Answer 14

acts as a diffusion barrier, decreases mineral loss, resists acid attack and allows remineralisation

Question 15

what do statherins do?

Answer 15

prevent precipitation of calcium phosphate from saliva

Question 16

what do mechanical salivary simuli include?

Answer 16

pressure on periodontal ligament/oral mucosa

Question 17

what do chemical salivary stimuli include?

Answer 17

gustation, olfaction and common chemical sense

Question 18

what flavour gives the greatest salivary response?

Answer 18

acidic

Question 19

what is common chemical sense mediated by ?

Answer 19

nociceptors in mucous membranes

Question 20

what do parasympathetic nerves do in control of salivation?

Answer 20

increase secretion and increase blood flow

Question 21

what do sympathetic nerves do in control of salivation?

Answer 21

increase secretion and decrease blood flow

Question 22

where does primary secretion of saliva come from?

Answer 22

the acinus

Question 23

where does secondary modification of saliva come from?

Answer 23

ducts

Question 24

what happens in the secondary modification of saliva?

Answer 24

reabsorption of Na and Cl, secretion of K and HCO