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GI Midterm > Peritoneum, Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries > Flashcards

Peritoneum, Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries Flashcards

1
Q

What organs make up the foregut?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. liver
  3. gallbladder
  4. pancreas
  5. spleen
  6. 1st half of duodenum.
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2
Q

What artery supplies the organs of the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk and it’s branches (splenic artery, left gastric, common hepatic.

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3
Q

What organs make up the midgut?

A
  1. 2nd half of duodenum
  2. jejunum and ileum
  3. cecum
  4. ascending colon
  5. 2/3 of transverse colon
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4
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric and it’s branches (Ileocolic, right and middle colic)

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5
Q

What organs make up the hindgut?

A
  1. left 1/3 of transverse colon
  2. descending colon
  3. sigmoid colon
  4. rectum
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6
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric and it’s branches: left colic, sigmoid branches, superior rectal.

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7
Q

What mesentary covers the foregut organs ventrally?

A
  1. Lesser omentum
  2. falciform ligament
  3. coronary/triangular ligaments
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8
Q

T or F. Midgut and Hindgut do not have any ventral mesentery.

A

True

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9
Q

What mesentery covers the foregut dorsally?

A
  1. Gastrosplenic ligament
  2. splenorenal ligament
  3. Gastrocolic ligament
  4. greater omentum
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10
Q

What mesentery covers the midgut dorsally?

A

Mesointestine
mesoappendix
transverse mesocolon

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11
Q

What mesentery covers the hindgut dorsally?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

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12
Q

What nerve provides the motor innervation to the foregut and midgut?

A

Vagus

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13
Q

What motor nerve supply the hindgut?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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14
Q

What layer of the serous membrane of the peritoneum lines the body wall and has abundant pain fibers via nerves from the body wall?

A

Parietal layer

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15
Q

T or F. Visceral layer (serosa) of the peritoneum has pain fibers?

A

False.

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16
Q

The visceral layer (serosa) has what kind of innervation, somatic or autonomic?

A

Autonomic. Somatic innervation is at the parietal layer.

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17
Q

What causes a rigid abdomen?

A

Abdominal rigidity is a stiffness of your stomach muscles that occurs when the abdomen is touched. This is an involuntary response to prevent pain caused by pressure on your abdomen. This a guarding mechanism.

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18
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to? and what is it insensitive to?

A

Sensitive to stretching and chemical irritation.

Insensitive to touch, heat, cold, laceration.

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19
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A 
SAD PUCKER. 
suprarenal glands
Aorta, (IVC), 
Duodenum (descending, horizontal, and ascending) 
Pancreas
Ureter
cecrum
kidney
esophagus
rectum
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20
Q

What does intraperitoneal mean, and what does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Intraperitoneal means organs are covered on most sides by visceral peritoneaum and suspended by mesentery from the body wall.
Retroperitoneal means organs lie deep to perietal peritoneum and is covered by parietal preritoneum on one side only.

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21
Q

What are some organs that are primarily retroperitoneal?

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. ureters
  3. adrenals
  4. gonads
  5. aorta and IVC
22
Q

What are some organs that are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A
  1. duodenum (some of it)
  2. pancreas
  3. ascending and descending colon.
23
Q

What is mesentery?

A

2-layered fold of peritoneum?

24
Q

The ventral mesentery runs from where to where?

A

From the respiratory diaphragm to the duodenum

25
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

Mesentery of the transverse colon that holds the transverse colon to the posterior body wall.

26
Q

To what structure does the transverse mesocolon fuse to?

A

Fuses with posterior layer of the greater omentum

27
Q

WHat is sigmoid mesocolon?

A

Mesentery of the sigmoid colon that holds the sigmoid colon to the posterior body wall

28
Q

What is mesoappendix?

A

Mesentery of the vermiform appendix

29
Q

Are duodenum, ascending colon, decending colon and cecum held by mesentery?

A

No. These structures are secondarily retroperitoneal since they lost their mesentery during development.

30
Q

How are peritoneal ligaments different from regular ligaments?

A

Peritoneal ligaments usually transmit nerves and vessels, but they usually lack connect tissue and are not the same as ligaments that join bones.

31
Q

WHat are two examples of peritoneal ligaments?

A
  1. gastrosplenic ligament

2. Splenorenal ligament

32
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the lesser omentum?

A
  1. hepatogastric ligament

2. hepatoduodenal ligament.

33
Q

The lesser omentum develops from _?

A

ventral mesogastrium (mesentery)

34
Q

Where does the greater omentum develop from?

A

Dorsal mesogastrium (mesentery)

35
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the greater omentum?

A
  1. Gastrocolic ligament
  2. gastrophrenic ligament
  3. Gastrosplenic ligament
36
Q

How does the greater omentum differ in infant vs. adults and why is this clinically significant?

A

In kids, the greater omentum has an open pouch, whereas in adult the two layers of the omentum are fused. In kids this pouch can lead to herniation.

37
Q

At one point, the greater omentum was deemed the “policeman” of the abdomen, but this title was revoked later since the omentum has no _?

A

sensory power or intrinsic mobility.

38
Q

What are the three peritoneal ligaments associated with the liver?

A

Coronary ligament
right and left triangular ligament
Falciform ligament

39
Q

The remnent of the urachus coursing through the extrapeirotneal tissue form elelvation on the interior abdominal wall called _?

A

median umbilical fold

40
Q

What is the medial umbilical fold and what is it a remnant of?

A

Medial umbilical ligament which is obliterated umbilical aa.

41
Q

What is the lateral umbilical fold?

A

Fold that’s created due to Inferior epigastric vessels.

42
Q

What’s another name for the round ligament of the liver?

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

43
Q

What is the falciform ligament a remnant of?

A

obliterated umbilical vein

44
Q

Where is the site of supravescical hernias?

A

Supravescical fossa which between the median and medial umbilical fold

45
Q

What’s another name for medial inguinal fossa and what is this a site of?

A

Medial inguinal fossa is also called the inguinal triangle which is the site for direct inguinal hernias.

46
Q

Where is the site for indirect inguinal hernias?

A

Lateral inguinal fossa.

47
Q

What is the epiploic forament of winslow?

A

The opening between the greater and lesser sacs.

48
Q

Which peritoneal recesses is a clinically significant space where abscesses amy develop and excess fluid (ascites) can pool?

A

subhepatic/hepatorenal recess.

49
Q

In the inframesocolic region, intraperitoneal infections are limited from spreading superiorly due to what ligament?

A

phrenicocolic ligament.

50
Q

What can be found anteriorly, posteriorly, superiorly, and inferiorly to the epiploic foramen?

A

Anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament with the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
Posterior: IVC, diaphragm
Superior: liver, caudate lobe
inferior: duodenum, 1st part

GI Midterm (11 decks)

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