Peritoneal Cavity

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 1

ant= ant abdominal wall
post= post abdominal wall
sup= respiratory diaphragm
inf= floor of pelvic cavity

Question 2

What are the two laters of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

Parietal peritoneum of inner surface of abdominal walls

Visceral which covers abdominal organs

Question 3

Where is the omental bursa (lesser sac)? Is it closed off from the greater sac?

Answer 3

posterior to lesser omentum, stomach, and caudate lobe of liver

closed off from greater sac except through epiploic foramen

Question 4

What are the borders of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 4

ant= hepatoduodenal ligament
sup= caudate lobe onto IVC
inf=duodenum
post= parietal peritoneum covering IVC

Question 5

How do we get through the greater sac? Is it closed off?

Answer 5

incise through ant or lateral wall

completely closed off in males but in females communication with uterine tube cavity and vagina to external world (path of infection to peritoneal cavity)

Question 6

What are the 4 functions of the peritoneum?

Answer 6

1. Produce peritoneal fluid
2. Minimize friction between abdominal organs
3. Resist infection by producing fluid with Abs, produce leukocytes, and localize infection
4. Storage of fat (esp in greater omentum)

Question 7

What is the mesentery?

Answer 7

double layered membrane, provides channel for vessels, nerves, and lymp, attached to post abdominal wall where blood and nerve supply to viscera originates

Question 8

How do we define omentum?

Answer 8

mesentery that extends from stomach to organs

Question 9

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

Answer 9

attaches lesser curve of stomach and 1st part of duo to transverse colon

Question 10

Where does the greater omentum attach?

Answer 10

Attaches greater curvature and 1st layer of duo to transverse colon

Question 11

What does the faliciform ligament connect?

Answer 11

liver to anterior abdominal wall

Question 12

What does the hepatogastric ligament connect?

Answer 12

lesser curvature to liver, membranous lesser omentum

Question 13

What does the hepatoduodenal attach? What does it contain?

Answer 13

1st part of duodenum to liver, membranous of lesser omenutm

Portal vein, hepatic a., and common bile duct

Question 14

What does the gastrophrenic ligament connect?

Answer 14

fundus of stomach to diaphragm

Question 15

What does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?

Answer 15

stomach to hilum of spleen

Question 16

What does the gastrocolic ligament connect?

Answer 16

Greater curvature to transverese colon, greater omentum

Question 17

What is the peritoneal recess?

Answer 17

pouch of peritoneum formed by a peritoneal fold (ex. inf recess of omental bursa between layers of greater omentum)

Question 18

What in peitonitis?

Answer 18

Bacterial contamination from abdominal wound or rupture of organ (appendicitis) –> severe abdominal pain, tenderness, nausea, vom, fever, constipation

Question 19

What is ascites?

Answer 19

excess peritoneal fluid

causes= cirrhosis, mechanical injury, portal HTN, metastatic cancer to abdominal viscera, and starvation

Question 20

What are complications of ascites?

Answer 20

Sub phrenic abscess, spread by paracolic gutters (lat to ascending and descending colon) passes through to pelvic cavity
inferiorly can also spread pelvic through gutter to subphrenic recess

Question 21

How can you get fluid in the omental bursa?

Answer 21

perforated stomach wall
pancreatitis
injured pancreas