Abdominal and Pelvic Autonomics and Pain

Question 1

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on longitudinal and circular muscle?

Answer 1

symp= emotility
para= motility

Question 2

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on sphincter muscles of the GI tract?

Answer 2

symp= contraction
para= relaxation

Question 3

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on glands of the GI tract?

Answer 3

symp= no secretions
para= secretions

Question 4

What is the sympathetic and para sympathetic effect on splenic capsule?

Answer 4

symp= contraction

no parasymp effects

Question 5

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the liver?

Answer 5

symp= glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

no parasymp effects

Question 6

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 6

symp= no insulin secretion
para= none

Question 7

What is the sympathetic and para sympathetic effect on exocrine pancreas?

Answer 7

symp= no secretion
para= secretion

Question 8

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on detrusor vesicae of the bladder?

Answer 8

symp= relaxation
para= contraction

Question 9

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the functional bladder sphincter?

Answer 9

symp= contraction
para= inhibit contraction

Question 10

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the seminal vesicles and ductus deferens?

Answer 10

symp= contraction (ejac)
para= none

Question 11

What is the sympathetic and para sympathetic effect on the uterus?

Answer 11

symp= contraction or relaxation depending on hormones para= none

Question 12

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the arteries of the abdomen and pelvis?

Answer 12

symp= vasoconstriction
para= vasodilation of arteries of penis and clitoris

Question 13

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the medulla of the suprarenal gland?

Answer 13

symp= release of adrenalin
para= no effect

Question 14

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the urinary tract/kidney?

Answer 14

symp= vasoconstriction (no urine)
para= vasodilation

Question 15

What plexuses are found in the abdominal aorta? What do they control?

Answer 15

Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric

autonomic control of digestion

Question 16

What does the inf and sup hypogastric plexus innervate? What do they control?

Answer 16

pelvic viscera

autonomic control of urinary and reproduction function

Question 17

What do the rami communicantes connect?

Answer 17

spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk, carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from T1-L2

Question 18

What is a white ramus?

Answer 18

Pregang axons that are myelinated, “entrance”

Question 19

What is a grey ramus?

Answer 19

postgnag unmyelinated, connect to all spinal nerves so info from thoracolumbar region can be distributed all over the body, “exit”

Question 20

What is the spinal nerve sympathetic pathways?

Answer 20

hop back on spinal nerve and go to skin, induce sweating, dialate vasculature in skin

Ventral ramus –> spinal nerve –> preganglionic –> white ramus –> sympathetic trunk ganglion of same level or ascend descend –> grey ramus on same spinal nerve and travel to skin, “looping”

Question 21

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway?

Answer 21

synapsing and then becomes grey ramus that is long and goes to where needs to go, stay at same level or ascend, long splanchnic nerves

Question 22

What is the splanchnic nerve sympathetic pathway?

Answer 22

pre gang white ramus going into sympathetic trunk but no synapsing then still white and goes to prevertebral ganglion then sends out fibers in plexuses

Question 23

What is the adrenal medulla sympathetic pathway?

Answer 23

direct stimulation by pregang on adrenal gland, everything white

Question 24

What terminates in prevertebral ganglia?

Answer 24

greater, lesser, and least thoracic
lumbar splanchnic
sacral splanchnic

Question 25

Where do we find prevertebral ganglia? What are the 3 we have?

Answer 25

single structures not paired, anterior to vertebral column on ant surface of aorta, only in abdominopelvic cavity,

celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric

Question 26

What innervates the intraperitoneal of the foregut?

Answer 26

sympathetic trunk, posterior and anterior vagal trunk, celiac ganglia, and superior mesenteric ganglia

Question 27

What innervates the intraperitoneal of the mid and hind gut?

Answer 27

sympathetic trunk, posterior and anterior vagal trunk, celiac ganglia, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion, greater lesser and least splanchnic, lumbar splanchnic, sacral splanchnic, pelvic splanchnic

Question 28

What parasympathetic innervation does pelvic splanchnic (S2-4) provide?

Answer 28

distal gut tube (distal LI, rectum), repor organs, bladder, distal ureters and pelvic viscera

Question 29

What effects does the vagus nerve have?

Answer 29

decrease heart rate, decrease respiration, constrict and excite mucous production in bronchial passages, promote swallowing and peristalsis in esophagus, promote digestion in abdominal viscera

Question 30

Where is pain innervated by sympathetics?

Answer 30

Between thoracic pain line at plane of sternal angle (T4-5) and pelvic pain line at plane of lower extent of peritoneum

Question 31

What is visceral pain?

Answer 31

Diffuse and poorly localized, referred to somatic regions, injury to internal organs and tissues that support them, can be localized by sensory cortex to approximate spinal cord level

Question 32

What is somatic pain?

Answer 32

Well localized, cause by injury to skin muscles bone joint and connective tissue

Question 33

What is parietal pain?

Answer 33

Irritation of fibers that innervate parietal peritoneum, localized to dermatome superficial to site of painful stimulus, visceral can develop into  tenderness, rebound, rigidity, guarding