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GIGU > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What’s found in the RUQ? (10 things)

A 
liver right lobe
gallbladder
pylorus of stomach
duodenum parts 1-3
pancreas
right suprarenal gland
right kidney
right colic flexure
superior ascending colon
right half of transverse colon
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2
Q

What’s found in the RLQ?

A 
cecum
appendix
ileum
inferior ascending colon
right ovary 
right uterine tube 
abdominal part of right ureter and spermatic cord
uterus and bladder if enlarged/full
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3
Q

What is found in LUQ?

A 
left lobe of liver
spleen
stomach
jeju 
ileum
pancreas body and tail
left kidney 
left suprarenal gland 
left colic (splenic) flexure
left half of transverse colon
superior part of descending colon
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4
Q

What is found in LLQ?

A 
sigmoid colon
descending colon (inf)
left ovary 
left uterine tube/spermatic cord
left ureter 
uterus and bladder if enlarged/full
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5
Q

What level is the transpyloric plane? What is found there?

A

L1

gall bladder fundus, pylorus, pancreatic neck, SMA origin, hepatic portal vein, root of transverse mesocolon, hila of kidneys

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6
Q

What level is the subcostal plane? What is found there?

A

inferior border of 10th costal cartilage

transverse colon

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7
Q

Where do you find the transtubercle plane? What is it the level of?

A

between the iliac tubercles

ileocecal junction

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8
Q

What lines the abdominal abdominal pelvic cavities?

A

peritoneum, walls are mostly bone, muscle and CT

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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the anteriolateral abdominal wall?

A 
Upper= 7-10 costal cartilages
Lower= inguinal ligament and pelvic bones
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10
Q

What are the layers of the anteriolateral abdominal wall (sup to deep)?

A

Skin
Camper’s Fascia
Scarpa’s fascia

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11
Q

What is Scarpa’s fascia?

A

Membraneous underlying CT layer of superficial fascia that is continuous with Colle’s of perineum but fused with fascia of LL
Prevents fluid from going from abdomen into the leg, fluid can flow in out out of superficial perineum

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12
Q

What does the aponeurosis of the anteriolateral wall form?

A

Rectus sheath which overlies rectus abdominis

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the External Oblique muscle?

A

O: outer surface lower 6 ribs

I: aponeurosis and linea alba, ant iliac crest and pubic tubercle. Lower portion rolled under to make inguinal ligament attached to ASIS and pubic tubercle, opening for superficial inguinal ring

N: ventral rami T7-12 of intercostal nerves (same as rectus abdominus)

A: compress abdomen, increase intra-abdominal pressure, move trunk and retain posture, important when get punched in stomach

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14
Q

What does the external oblique muscle interdigitate with?

A

serratus anterior

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the internal oblique muscle?

A

O= iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

I= lower 10-12 ribs, aponeurosis, linea alba, punic crest, lower part becomes conjoint tendon, some fibers go to make cremasteric m.

N= T7-L1 (same as transversus abdominis)

A= compress and support viscera, laterally flex and rotate

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the trasnversus abdominis muscle?

A

O= lower 7-12 ribs

I= linea alba, pectin pubs, pubic crest, aponeurosis contributes to rectus sheath

N= T7-L1 (same as internal oblique)

A= compress and support viscera

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the Rectus Abdominis?

A

O: pubic symphysis and pubic crest

I: xiphoid process and outer surface of 5th-7th intercostal cartilages, tendinous intersections form part of rectus sheath at umbilical

N: ventral rami T7-T12

A: flex abdomen and compresses it

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18
Q

What is the lateral border of the rectus abdominis?

A

linea semilunaris

19
Q

Where is the external oblique muscles located in terms of the rectus sheath?

A

aponeurosis always anterior

20
Q

Where is the internal oblique muscles located in terms of the rectus sheath?

A

upper 3/4s encompass rectus muscle, lower 1/4 anterior

21
Q

Where is the transversus abdominus muscles located in terms of the rectus sheath?

A

posterior except in lower 1/4

22
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

Sharp transition where EO, IO, and TA all become anterior to rectus abdominis, below line rectus abdominis in contact with transversalis fascia

23
Q

What levels are the thoraco-abdominal nerve? Where does it run?

A

T7-11

Continuation of intercostal, motor and sensory
Run between TA and IO

24
Q

What level is the subcostal nerve? Where does it run? What does it innervate?

A

T12 ventral rami

Runs along inf 12th rib
Motor and sensory to sup iliac crest

25
Q

What level is the Iliohypogastric nerve? Where does it run? What does it innervate?

A

L1

Runs between 2nd and 3rd muscle layers
Motor to IO and TA,
Sensory to upper inguinal and hypogastric

26
Q

What level is the ilioinguinal nerve? What does it innervate?

A

L1

Motor lower IO and TA
Sensory to lower inguinal, anterior scrotum/labia, near medial thigh

27
Q

What arteries does the abdominal aorta give off?

A

Lumbar a.

28
Q

What arteries does the femoral a. give off?

A

Superficial epigastric a.

Superficial circumflex ilia which runs along inguinal ligament

29
Q

What arteries does external iliac give off?

A

Deep circumflex

Inferior epigastric

30
Q

What does the inferior epigastric anastomosis with?

A

Superior epigastric anterior to posterios rectus sheath

31
Q

What is the terminal branch of internal thoracic in the abdomen?

A

Superior epigastric a.

32
Q

What is the median umbilical fold?

A

Obliterated urachus

33
Q

What is the medial umbilical fold?

A

Obliterated umbilical arteries

34
Q

What is the lateral umbilical fold?

A

Inferior epigastric

35
Q

What is the supravesicular fossa?

A

gutter on either side of upper bladder

36
Q

What is the medial inguinal fossa?

A

gutter lateral to medial umbilical

37
Q

What is the lateral inguinal fossa?

A

gutter lateral to lateral umbilical folds

38
Q

Where do the superficial vessels superior to umbilicus drain? Inferior?

A

Axillary LNs

Inguinal LNs

39
Q

What does a subcostal incision give access to?

A

access to full bladder and biliary tract, spleen

40
Q

What incision can be made rapidly?

A

minline

41
Q

How can you expose the entire peritoneum?

A

Paramedian incision, open anterior sheath and push rectus muscle aside

42
Q

What incision is made of an appendectomy?

A

girdline, muscle splitting

43
Q

What incision is made for gyno or OB surgeries?

A

suprapubic

GIGU (14 decks)

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