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GIGU > GI Organs > Flashcards

GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the path of the esophagus?

A

Passes through esophageal hiatus at T10 in respiratory diaphragm –> abdomen –> turns left to stomach at cardiac orifice at T11

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2
Q

What does the cardiac notch of the esophagus seperate?

A

separates it from fundus of stomach

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3
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the esophagus?

A
  1. Cervical constriction (upper esophageal sphincter)
  2. Thoracic constriction as pass post to left main bronchus
  3. Diaphragmatic constriction where passes through esophageal hiatus
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4
Q

What is the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

respiratory diaphragm closes inf portion of esophagus, not an anatomical sphincter, where joins stomach

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5
Q

What is a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?

A

Cardia of stomach in normal abdominal position but peritoneum and fundus ant. to esophagus, no regurgitation

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6
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Ssophagus, cardia, and fundus protrude through esophageal hiatus especially when laying down or bent over, regurgitation

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7
Q

Where do we find the stomach?

A

in RUQ and LUQ or epigastric umbilical and left hypochondrium regions
left end fixed at T10-11 and right at L1

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8
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia= connected to esophagus above and body below

Fundus= superior to cardiac orifice at 5th rib, rests against L. diaphragm

Body= between fundus and pylorus

Pylorus= between body and duo

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9
Q

What are the parts of the pylorus of the stomach?

A

Antrum= wider portion

Canal= narrow, distal portion

Sphincter= regulates flow of food into duo, normally closed

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10
Q

What is the inferior and superior border of the stomach?

A

Inf= greater curvature

Sup= lesser curvature

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11
Q

What is found anterior of the stomach?

A

anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm, left liver lobe

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12
Q

What is found posterior of the stomach?

A

diaphragm, spleen, L. suprarenal gland, L upper kidney, pancreas, transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, omental bursa

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13
Q

Is the duodenum retroperitoneal or intraperiotneal?

A

All retroperitoneal except the 1st part

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14
Q

Where does the duodenum start and end?

A

Begins at pylorus ends at duodenojejunal junction (flexure) at L2 vertebra
molded around head of pancreas

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15
Q

What ducts are connected to the duodenum?

A

Common bile and pancreatic

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16
Q

Describe the 1st part of the duodenum

A

1”, mobile part, travels sup and post to right

Associated with hepatduodenal ligament which has portal vein, hepatic a., and common bile duct

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17
Q

Describe the 2nd part of the duodenum. What does it have internally?

A

3-4” goes parallel and right of IVC

Has the heptopancreateic ampulla of vater= union of common bile and pancreatic duct

Internally has major duodenal papilla and sphincter of Oddi located 3-4” distal to pyloric sphincter, main pancreatitic duct opens at major duo papilla and accessory opens at minor

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18
Q

Describe the 3rd part of the duodenum and its borders

A

4”, transverse from right to left

SMA/V and root of mesentery cross anteriorly, sup= head of pancreas, ant= jejunum

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19
Q

Describe the path of the 4th part of the duodenum. What ligament does it have?

A

Ascends to left side of aorta, joins with jejunum at duodenojejunal junction or flexure
Post= left margin of aorta, IMA, and psoas muscle

Ligament of Treitz= suspensory muscle that attaches 4th part to post abdominal wall widening this portion of duodenum, anchors 4th part to right crus of diaphragm

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20
Q

What are the borders of the 2nd part of the duodenum?

A 
Med= head of pancreas
ant= gall bladder (fundus), right lobe of liver and transverse colon
post= right kidney and ureter
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21
Q

Where is the jejunum found?

A

in LUQ, intraperitoneal, held in place by mesentery, proximal 2/5s of SI

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22
Q

What anatomical features transition in the jejunum and how?

A

Well developed mucosal folds (plicae circulares) which diminish in size from proximal to distal

Amount of fat in mesentery increase proximal to distal

Number of arterial arcades in mesentery increase from proximal to distal, long vasa recta branch from arterial arcades

23
Q

Where is the ileum found? Are its vasa recta short or long?

A

RLQ, held by mesentery, distal 3/5s of SI

compound vascular arcades with shorter vasa recta

24
Q

What does the mesentery attach? What is found in its layers?

A

attaches jeju and ileum to post body wall

SMA/V, LNs, fat, and autonomic nerves

25
Q

What does the mesentery cross?

A

3rd and 4th part of duo, abdominal aorta, IVC, right ureter, right psoas major muscles, and right gonadal vessels

26
Q

What are the 3 external long branches of the large intestine?

A

smooth muscle (tenial coli)
Sacculations (haustra)
and appendices epiploicae which store fat

27
Q

What is the cecum?

A

blind sac with appendix attach to post-medial part and supported by mesoappendix, continuous with descending colon at left colic (splenic) flexure

28
Q

What is the left paracolic gutter?

A

lateral to descending colon which becomes continuous with sigmoid at brim of pelvis

29
Q

Is the descending colon retro or intraperiotneal?

A

Retro

30
Q

What is the sigmoid colon?

A

S-shaped, 12”, attached to sigmoid mesocolon, becomes continuous with rectum at S3 vertebra

31
Q

Where is the rectum? What kind of peritoneal is it?

A

entirely in pelvis, no mesentery, 5” long, continuous with anal canal

retro and subperitoneal

32
Q

Where is the spleen found? What does it attach to?

A

In left hypochondriac region parallel to left ribs 9-11, located along mid-axillary line between stomach and diaphram

intraperitoneal attached to gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

33
Q

What are the borders of the spleen?

A 
ant= stomach and tail of pancreas
post= diaphragm
inf= left colic flexor
medial= left kidney and phrenicocolic ligament
34
Q

Where is the pancreas? What are its parts?

A

L1-L2 vertebrae

Head= lie in curvature of duo
Neck= joins head to body, overlies SMA
Tail= between the two layers of the splenorenal lig, tips is adjacent to hilum of spleen (only part not retroperitoneal)
35
Q

Where do we find the main pancreatic duct? What does it contain?

A

Begins in tail and joined by accessory duct in head

Sphincter of main pancreatic duct which prevents bile from entering pancreas

36
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

formed by union of common bile and main pancreatic, associated with sphincter of oddi and major duo papilla

37
Q

What are the borders of the pancreas?

A 
Ant= lesser sac and stomach
Post= aorta, IVC, splenic v, common bile, right crus, left kidney, left suprarenal, SMA/V
Right= 2nd part of duo, left= spleen
Inf= 3rd part of duo
38
Q

Where do we find the liver?

A

RUQ or epigastric and right hypochondriac, left lobe in LUQ

39
Q

Describe the diaphragmatic part of the liver

A

conforms to concavity of diaphragm, covered by peritoneum except where in direct contact with diaphragm, IVC in direct contact

40
Q

Describe the visceral part of the liver

A

covered with peritoneum except where gall bladder and porta hepatis are, transmits portal triad

41
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

transverse fissure in visceral surface, contains hepatic portal v, hepatic proper a, nerve plexus, hepatic ducts, and lymph vessels

42
Q

What is the left sagittal fissure?

A

in visceral surface, contains ligamentum teres

43
Q

What is the right sagittal fissure?

A

in visceral, contains gall bladder and IVC

44
Q

What characterizes the right lobe of the liver?

A

larger than left, includes quadrate and caudate lobes, separated from each other by porta hepatis

45
Q

What characterizes the left lobe of the liver?

A

smaller, separated from right lobe by falciform ligament

46
Q

What are the functional lobes of the liver?

A 
I.	Caudate lobe
II.	Left post lateral segment
III.	Left anterior lateral segment
IV.	Left medial segment
V.	Right ant medial segment
VI.	Right anterior lateral segment
VII.	Right posterior lateral segment
VIII.	Right posterior medial segment
47
Q

What are the coronary ligaments?

A

reflection of visceral peritoneum from liver to respiratory diaphragm, surrounds bare area of liver

48
Q

What ligaments are found in the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric lig= passes from porta hepatis of liver to lesser curvature

Hepatoduodenal= from porta hepatis to 1st part of duo, contains proper hepatic a, hepatic portal v, common bile duct, lymph vessels, and hepatic nerves

49
Q

What is the path of bile?

A

bile canaliculi which collect bile from individual liver cells –> interlobular ducts –> R and L hepatic ducts (drain lobes) –> common hepatic duct –> cystic duct –> common bile which has sphincter that prevents pancreatic secretion from entering biliary system

50
Q

Where is the gallbladder found? What does it do?

A

In hepatic fossa, contact ant abdominal wall at 9th costal cartilage, peritoneal covering on post and inf surface

Stores and concentrates bile

51
Q

What are the parts of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus= projects below inf border of liver

Body= contacts visceral surface of liver

Neck= narrow and tapered s-shaped has spiral mucosal fold that keeps lumen open

52
Q

What are the extraphrenic bile ducts?

A

Right and left hepatic, common hepatic, cystic, common bile (part of portal triad, travels in post 1st part of duo and head of pancreas to 2nd part of duo)

53
Q

What happens as a result of the cystic duct due to a gallstone?

A

cholecysitis or biliary colic

54
Q

What happens when the heaptopancreatic ampulla is blocked?

A

block common bile and main pancreatic –> bile back up in pancreas –> pancreatitis

GIGU (14 decks)

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