Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards
1
Q
define peripheral vascular disease?
A
- peripheral vascular disease occurs due to atherosclerosis causing stenosis of arteries via a multifactorial process involving modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
2
Q
what is the aetiology of peripheral vascular disease?
A
- it occurs due to atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries
3
Q
what are the examples of types of PVD?
A
- intermittent claudication (pain on exercise)
- critical limb ischemia (pain at rest) (arterial ulcers, gangrene)
- acute limb ischemia (sudden decrease in arterial perfusion)
4
Q
what are examples of risk factors that predispose to PVD?
A
basically atherosclerotic risk factors
- smoking
- diabetes
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia
- physical inactivity
- obesity
5
Q
epidemiology of PVD?
A
- increases with age
- more males
6
Q
what is the Fontaine classification of peripheral vascular disease?
A
- Asymptomatic
- Intermittent Claudication
- Rest pain
- Ulceration/gangrene
7
Q
what are the presenting symptoms of intermittent claudication?
A
- cramping pain in the calf, thigh, or buttock after walking for a given distance
- relieved by rest
o Calf claudication = femoral disease
o Buttock claudication = iliac disease
8
Q
what are the presenting symptoms of critical limb ischemia?
A
o Ulcers
o Gangrene
o Rest pain
o Night pain (relieved by dangling leg over the edge of the bed)
9
Q
what is Leriche syndrome?
A
o Buttock claudication
o Impotence
o Absent/weak distal pulses
10
Q
signs of acute limb ischaemia on examination?
x6 Ps
A
o Pain o Pale o Pulseless o Paralysis o Paraesthesia o Perishingly Cold
• Other symptoms: o Atrophic skin o Hairless o punched-out ulcers (often painful) o Colour change when raising leg (to Buerger's angle)
11
Q
Investigations for peripheral vascular disease?
A
- Full cardiovascular risk assessment
- Colour Duplex Ultrasound(to check stenosis)
- MRI/CT
- ABPI (Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index)
