aortic stenosis

Question 1

define aortic stenosis?

Answer 1

narrowing of the left ventricular outflow at the level of the aortic valve

Question 2

what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in the elderly?

Answer 2

Degeneration of a tricuspid aortic valve

Question 3

what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in young people?

Answer 3

rheumatic heart disease

Question 4

what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in the world?

Answer 4

rheumatic heart disease

Question 5

epidemiology of aortic stenosis?

Answer 5

• Present in 3% of 75 yr olds

* More common in males

Question 6

what are the presenting symptoms of aortic stenosis?

Answer 6

• S-A-D
• Syncope
• Angina
• Dyspnoea

Question 7

how would you describe an aortic stenosis murmur?

Answer 7

• Ejection systolic murmur:

o Crescendo -decrescendo, low pitched ejection systolic murmur.

Question 8

where is an aortic stenosis murmur best heard?

Answer 8

Heard loudest on expiration at the right side of sternum on 2nd ICS radiating to carotids

Question 9

what are other signs of aortic stenosis?

Answer 9

• Decreases on doing the Valsalva manoeuvre.
• Narrow pulse pressure
• Slow rising pulse
• Soft/absent S2
• S4 present indicative of left ventricular hypertrophy
• Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 10

what is the best investigation for aortic stenosis?

Answer 10

• Echocardiogram
o Visualises structural changes of the valves
o Assess left ventricular function