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NUR 326 > Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is peripheral artery disease

A

umbrella disease the describes circulatory diseases
- arterial and venous

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2
Q

what is the pathophysiology of PVD

A

atherosclerosis of the peripheral system
- formation of plaques which leads to dec perfusion

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3
Q

risk factors for PVD

A

SMOKING
DM
high cholesterol
heart disease
stroke
inc age over 50

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4
Q

causes of PVD

A

atherosclerosis
thrombus
inflammation (thromboangitis obliterans)
vasospasms

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5
Q

what is thromboangitis obliterans

A

inflammatory conditions of the arteries that typically leads to permanent occlusion

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6
Q

what are clinical manifestations of PVD

A

calf or buttock pain
numb, burning, heaviness, intermittent claudication
wounds that dont heal
diminished sensations in extremities
trophic skin changes

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7
Q

what are trophic skin changes

A

shiny skin, thick toenails
loss of leg hair
diminished pulses
elevation pallor, cyanosis
reactive hyperemia (dependent rubor)
ED

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8
Q

what is intermittent claudication

A

consistent pain precipitated by consistent levels of pain
- ceases with rest
- caused by ischemic tissue, arterial flow obstruction
- “angina” of the lower extremity
- pain usually occurs after walking a certain distance

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9
Q

what is pain of PVD dependent on

A

the site of plaque build up
collateral circulation (how long has it been developing)

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10
Q

what is the common site for PVD

A

femoral artery

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11
Q

what does PVD in femoral artery cause

A

lack of circulation resulting in
pain ( intermittent claudification)
dec pulse
coolness of leg bc dec in warm blood
pallor of legs
loss of sensation in foot
ischemia of lower leg –> cellular hypoxia

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12
Q

what are the 5 Ps of PAD

A

pain
pulselessness
palpable coolness
paresthesia
paresis (weakness of extremity)

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13
Q

how is PVD diagnosed

A

ankle brachial index
- ratio should be around 1
- Normal: ankle pressure should be greater than arm
- PVD: 0.8 and below indicates some to severe arterial disease (0.5 = severe)

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14
Q

what is an ankle brachial index

A

comparison of the BP in the leg vs the arm

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15
Q

what are the difference between arterial and venous vascular disease

A

arterial: intermittent claudification, no edema, no/weak pulse, no drainage, round smooth sores (toes and feet), black eschar
venous: dull/achy pain, lower leg edema, pulse present, drainage, sores w irregular borders (ankles), yellow slough or ruddy skin

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16
Q

what is chronic venous insufficiency

A

chronic condition that occurs when venous walls and or valves in the legs are not working effectively
- causes blood to pull/ collect = venous stasis

17
Q

what are the symptoms of venous insufficiency

A

lower extremity edema
achiness or tiredness in legs
leathery looking skin (dark and hard)
stasis ulcers
flaking or itching skin
new varicose veins

18
Q

what are the non pharm treatments of PVD

A

reduction of contribution factors like
-smoking cessation
-inc physical activity
-wt reduction
-stress reduction
-DM management
-HTN control

19
Q

what are interventions that are aimed at preventing/treating occlusion of PVD

A

medication
bypass
balloon
stent

20
Q

broad pharm treatments for PVD

A

antiplatelets
anticoags
thrombolytics
lipid lowering agents antilipemics
agents that inc blood supply to extremities

21
Q

what is cilostazol

A

treatment for intermittent claudification

22
Q

what is the moa for cilostazol

A

platelet inhibitor
vasodilation

23
Q

what are the adverse effects of cilostazol

A

headache
dizziness
D
abnormal stools
palpitations
peripheral edema

24
Q

what are the drug interactions of cilostazol

A

metabolized by the CYP 450 system

25
Q

what is the class of pentoxifylline

A

vasoactive agent

26
Q

what is the indication for pentoxifylline

A

intermittent claudication caused by PVD

27
Q

what is the moa for pentoxifylline

A

inc blood flow and O2 of blood vessels
- helps inc walking distance and duration

28
Q

what are the adverse rxn for pentoxifylline

A

NV
dizzy

29
Q

what is the route for pentoxifylline

A

PO TID

NUR 326 (20 decks)

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