Gallbladder Flashcards
what is cholelithiasis
stones in the gallbladder
cause of cholelithiasis
unknown
risk factors for cholelithiasis
gender
age
estrogen
lifestyle
diet
fam hx
what is bile
helps digest lipids and transport waste products
where is bile produced
liver
where is bile stored
gall bladder
components of bile
bilirubin
cholesterol
bile salts
water
protein
calcium
pathogenesis of cholelithiasis
bile stasis –> super saturation with cholesterol –> precipitation (gall stones) –> migration of stones through ducts
cholelithiasis clinical manifestations
sometimes silent
severity depends on movement of stones, obstruction
biliary colic
what is biliary colic
steady and severe pain that lasts for about an hour
RUQ may radiate to right shoulder
occurs 3-6 hrs after fatty meal consumed
other sx are inc HR, diaphoresis, epigastric like pain
obstructed bile flow manifestations
jaundice
dark amber urine that foams when shaken
clay colored stool
steatorrhea
why does jaundice occur with bile flow obstructions
bile cant flow into duodenum
- back up of conjugated bilirubin gets into the blood
what does dark amber urine occur with bile flow obstructions
soluble bilirubin in urine
what does clay colored stools occur with bile flow obstructions
bilirubin does not reach small intestine to be converted into urobilirubin
why does steatorrhea occur with bile obstruction
no bile salts in duodenum, preventing fat digestion
why does puritis occur with bile flow obstruction
deposition of bile salts into skin tissue
what does intolerance to fatty foods occur with bile flow obstructions
no bile in the small intestine to help with fat digestion
why do bleeding tendencies happen with bile flow obstruction
decreased absorption of vitamin K
cholecystitis
inflammation of gallstones or biliary sludge
causes of choecystitis
prolonged immobility/fasting
bacterial infection
parenteral nutrition
DM
pathogenesis of cholecystitis
obstruction that causes inflammation
- obstruction causes gallbladder to become edematous, hyperemic, distended
what happens because of long term obstruction
scarring and decreased function
cholecystitsis clinical manifestation
fever
NV
restlessness
diaphoresis
what labs are affected w cholecystisis
bilirubin
liver enzymes
WBC
amylase
