Lower GI Flashcards
lower GI
small intestines and below
what is appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
cause of appendicitis
- appendix is obstructed which leads to inflammation
complications of appendicitis
gangrene
abscess formation
peritonitis
key points of appendicitis
classic pain: RLQ in periumbilical area
rebound pain: pain severe when release pressure off site
sudden pain relief: ma indicate rupture, peritonitis
what is peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
what is the peritoneum
serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers visceral organs
what happens when the peritoneum becomes inflammed
fluids shift resulting in third spacing which can lead to hypovolemic shock and sepsis, dec peristalsis, intestinal obstruction
causes of peritonitis
perforated ulcers
ruptured gallbladder, spleen, bladder, appendix
pancreatitis
when stuff that should be in your gut gets outside your gut
clinical manifestations of peritonitis
sudden and SEVERE ab pain
tenderness
rigid, board like abdomen –> hard to touch
NV
fever, inc WBC
inc HR, dec BP –> from pain but mostly fluid shifts (third spacing)
treating peritonitis
can treat but usually treat whatever caused it and it will subside on its own
what is irritable bowel syndrome
chronic condition characterized by alterations in bowel patterns due to changes in intestinal motility
- either have constipation or D
symptoms of IBS
vary by ind
- ad distention, fullness, flatus, bloating
- intermittent ab pain exacerbated by stress and relieved by defecation
- bowel urgency
- intolerance to certain foods (gluten, sorbitol, lactose)
- non bloody stool that contains excess mucus
what is the relationship btw psychosocial stress and IBS
IBS is never the result of psychological causes but stress can exacerbate IBS
- IBS can also cause an inc in stress, like to live with etc
cause of IBS
unknown, thought to be triggered by stress, foods, hormone changes, GI infections, menses