Peripheral nerves Flashcards
brachial plexus injury - erb’s palsy. causes.
traction during delivery. motorcycle accident
conus medullaris at what vertebral body?
L1-2
Erb’s palsy what nerve damaged?
upper trunk brachial plexus, C5-6
what muscle affected erb’s palsy?
deltoid, biceps, infraspinatus, wrist extensors
what cause Klumpke’s palsy?
grabbing branch during fall, upward traction.
what nerve injured klumpke’s palsy?
lower trunk, C8-T1.
what muscles affected klumpke’s palsy?
hand and finger weakness, atrophy hypothenar, may be associated Horner’s syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome what nerve damaged?
lower brachial pleus between clavicle and 1st rib
pancoast’s syndrome, what is it?
apical tumor extends into brachial plexus
carpal tunnel clinical tests?
sensation monofilament, tinel’s sign, phalen’s sign. muscle strength abductor4 pollicis brevis (abduct thumb perpendicular to palm).
what damaged in carpal tunnel? where?
median nerve in carpal tunnel under flexor retinaculum.
what muscles affected carpal tunnel?
Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
neuropraxia
conduction loss without structural change to axon. good prognosis.
axonotmesis
axon damaged with wallerian degeneration of distal segment. fair to good outcome
3rd degree nerve damage
lss axon and endoneurial sheath
