Movement Disorders Flashcards
damage to what structure causes chorea
from damage to caudate
Damage to what structure causes athetosis
globus pallidus
damage to subthalamic nucleus causes what movement disorder symptom
hemiballism/ ballism - violent flinging movements.
4 types circuits of basal ganglia
- motor
- oculomotor
- prefrontal association - attention
- Limbic
Caudate and putamen (input or output)
input
direct vs. indirect pathway basal ganglia. what affect on movement?
direct faciltiates.
Indirect Inhibits movement.
NO direct connect to corticospinal. NO paralysis.
when think about planning movement, increase to what pathway of basal ganglia?
increase direct pathway. increase activation of caudate and putamen leading to disinhibition, increased cortical activity premotor cortex.
what part damaged in Parkinson’s?
substantia nigra compacta (produces dopamine). damage direct and indirect pathways.
what damaged huntington’s?
caudate. first damage indirect pathway, then direct later in disease.
differences in presentation of parkinson plus
symmetrical, no tremor, no response to meds.
idiopathic: asymmetrical, tremor, responds to meds.
3 types multisystem atrophy
- striatonigral degeneration
- Shy-drager
- Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
differences in shy drager
intermediolateral column spinal cord affected. autonomic symptoms
characteristic of olivopontocerebellar atrophy
ataxia
characteristics progressive supranuclear palsy
limited vertical eye movement up and down, rigidity (more neck than limbs), bradykinesia, falls.
part brain affected supranuclear palsy
substantia nigra compacta, loss striatal neurons to globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars retriculata. leads to increased inhibition of thalamus.
