Peripheral Nerve Lesions Flashcards
Which nerves are damaged in Erb’s Palsy
C5- C6 Nerve Root Damage
Causes of Erb’s Palsy
Neck stretching during delivery
Fall on head/shoulder with them apart
Signs of Erb’s Palsy
Limp Arm Adducted shoulder Medially Rotated Arm Extended Elbow Pronated forearm Sensory deficit of arm and forearm (mainly elbow)
Muscles affected by Erb’s Palsy?
Shoulder Abductors (Axillary Nerve C5-C6)
Lateral Rotators (Infraspinatus and Teres Minor)
Flexion and Supination (Biceps Brachii, Brachialis)
Which nerves are affected in Klumpke’s Palsy?
Inferior Trunk of Brachial Plexus (C8-T1)
Ulnar Nerve is Damaged
Causes of Klumpke’s Palsy
Pulling of upper limb during delivery
Pulling upper limb superiorly in adults
Signs of Klumpke’s Palsy
Hand Deformity
e.g. Claw Hand due to Ulnar Nerve Damage
(Lumbricals 4 and 5 are paralysed, extensors are unopposed)
Why may Klumpke’s Palsy be associated with Horner’s Syndrome?
Sympathetic nerves supply the Eyes and Face originate from T1
What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Entrapment of the Ulnar nerve in the Cubital Tunnel
between heads of FC Ulnaris
Causes of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Constricting Fascial bands
Direct Compression
Swelling
Repetitive Elbow Flexion/Extension
Symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Same as Klumpke’s Palsy
- Claw Hand
- Elbow Pain
What is Radial Nerve Palsy
Injury to the Radial Nerve in the Radial Groove
Causes of Radial Nerve Palsy
Humeral Fracture- normally mid shaft
Signs/Symptoms of Radial Nerve Palsy
Wrist Drop (can’t extend wrist or MCP joints)
Paralysis of forearm extensors
Why is triceps normally not affected in Radial nerve palsy?
Has different branches going to each head
What is Median Nerve Palsy?
Injury to the Median nerve, normally at the elbow
Causes of Median Nerve palsy?
Supracondylar Fracture
Pronator Teres Syndrome
Muscles affected in Median Nerve Palsy?
Forearm Flexors except FC Ulnaris and Medial 1/2 FD Profundus
Thenar Eminence
Lumbricals 1&2
Signs/ Symptoms of Median Nerve Palsy
HAND OF BENEDICTION
Can’t Flex Digits 1-3
Weak Flexion of Digits 4 and 5
Appears like the Hand of Benediction when trying to make a fist.
Nerve affected in Winged Scapula?
Long Thoracic Nerve
Causes of Winged Scapula
Penetrating Injuries
Iatrogenic
Neuritis
Causes of Axillary Nerve Damage
Antero-inferior Shoulder Dislocation
Quadrangular Space Syndrome
Signs of Axillary Nerve Damage
Deltoid Atrophy
Parasthesia in Regimental Badge area
Prominent Acromion and Humeral Head
Causes of Ulnar Nerve Damage at elbow
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cause of Median Nerve damage at wrist
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
