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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory Nerve Function

A

Smell

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2
Q

Where does CN1 Emerge?

A

Underneath the Frontal Lobe

Not considered a ‘true’ cranial nerve because it doesn’t emerge from the brainstem.

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3
Q

Which foramen does CN1 pass through?

A

Cribriform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

Tracts form bulbs. Nerves leave the bulb and pass through the ethmoid bone.

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4
Q

CN1 Test of Function?

A

Ask patient to smell familiar objects

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5
Q

Optic Nerve Function

A

Vision

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6
Q

Where does CN2 emerge?

A

Hypothalamus rostral to the infundibulum, as tracts (after optic chiasma)

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7
Q

Which foramen does CN2 pass through?

A

Optic Canals

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8
Q

CN2 Test of Function?

A

Test:

Acuity
Colour
Visual Field
Pupillary Light Reflex
Fundoscopy
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9
Q

Function of Oculomotor Nerve

A

Motor to 4/6 Extraocular muscles, Sphincter Pupillae, and Levator Palpabrae Superioris

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10
Q

Where does CN3 emerge?

A

Interpeduncular Fossa

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11
Q

Which autonomic ganglion is CN3 associated with?

A

Ciliary Ganglion- autonomic fibres to Sphincter Pupillae and Ciliaris muscles via CNV1.

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12
Q

Foramen of CN3?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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13
Q

CN3 Test of Function?

A

Follow finger and enquire about signs of double vision

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14
Q

Function of Trochlear Nerve

A

Motor innervation to Superior Oblique (SO4)

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15
Q

Where does CN4 emerge?

A

Dorsal Brainstem- Inferior to Inferior Colliculi

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16
Q

Foramen of CN4?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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17
Q

CN4 Test of Function?

A

Follow finger and enquire about signs of double vision

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18
Q

CN5 Branches

A

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

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19
Q

Function of Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

A

Sensory to skin of Forehead

Autonomic innervation of Sphincter Pupillae and Ciliaris via CILIARY GANGLION

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20
Q

Foramen of V1?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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21
Q

Function of Maxillary Nerve (V2)

A

Sensation from Maxilla, Upper teeth, Nasal and Oral cavities

Autonomic innervation of Lacrimal Gland via PTERYGOPALATINE ganglion

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22
Q

Foramen of V2?

A

Foramen Rotundum

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23
Q

Function of Mandibular Nerve (V3)

A

Sensation from Mandible and Lower Teeth
Sensation from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue

Motor to Muscles of Mastication and Tensor Tympani

Autonomic innervation of Submandibular and Sublingual glands via SUBMANDIBULAR ganglion

Autonomic innervation of Parotid Gland via OTIC ganglion

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24
Q

Foramen of V3

A

Foramen Ovale

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25
Q

Test of Function of Trigeminal Nerve?

A

Test sensation over the face
Corneal Reflex
Clench teeth
Jaw Jerk Reflex

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26
Q

Function of Abducens Nerve?

A

Motor innervation to Lateral Rectus (LR6)

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27
Q

Foramen of CN6?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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28
Q

Test of CN6 Function

A

Follow finger and enquire about signs of double vision

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29
Q

5 Main branches of the Facial Nerve, and their function?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Motor to the muscles of facial expression

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30
Q

Where does the facial nerve divide into its 5 main branches?

A

Inside the parotid gland

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31
Q

Where are sensory cell bodies of the facial nerve located?

A

Geniculate ganglion

32
Q

Function of the Chorda Tympani

A

Passes through middle ear from CN7 to supply:

Taste to Anterior 2/3 Tongue

33
Q

Associated ganglion of Chorda Tympani?

A

SUBMANDIBULAR Ganglion- goes on to innervate submandibular gland

34
Q

Function and associated ganglion of the Greater Petrosal Nerve?

A

PTERYGOPALATINE Ganglion- goes on to innervate the Lacrimal Gland

35
Q

Test of Facial nerve function?

A

Do funny faces

36
Q

Function of Vestibulo-cochlear Nerve

A

Balance via Vestibular component

Hearing via Cochlear component

37
Q

Foramen of the Facial Nerve?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

The motor fibres than travel through the Stylomastoid Foramen

38
Q

Where does the CN7 Arise?

A

Cerebellopontine Angle/ Lateral Pontomedullary junction?

39
Q

Where does the CN5 arise?

A

Lateral Ventral Surface of the Pons

40
Q

Where does CN6 arise?

A

Medial Pontomedullary Junction

41
Q

Foramen of the CN8?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

42
Q

Where does CN8 arise?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

43
Q

Test of function of CN8

A

Rinne and Weber hearing test

44
Q

Function of Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Taste to Posterior 1/3 Tongue
Sensation from Posterior 1/3 Tongue
Sensation from the Pharynx

45
Q

Associated Ganglion of CN9

A

OTIC Ganglion- goes on to supply the Parotid Gland

46
Q

Foramen of CN9

A

Jugular Foramen

47
Q

Test of CN9 Function

A

Test the patient’s Gag Reflex

48
Q

Function of Vagus Nerve

A

Muscles of the Pharynx, Larynx and Soft Palate
Taste from the Epiglottis and Soft Palate
Autonomic to the Thorax and GI tract

49
Q

Where does CN9 emerge

A

Cerebellopontine Angle

50
Q

Where does CN10 emerge

A

Posterolateral Sulcus of Medulla

Medulla lateral to Olives

51
Q

Foramen of CN10

A

Jugular foramen

52
Q

Test of CN10 Function

A

Ask patient to speak and observe for uvula deviation

53
Q

Function of the Accessory Nerve

A

Motor to Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius

54
Q

Where does CN11 emerge

A

Posterolateral Sulcus of Medulla

Medulla, Lateral to the olives, inferior to CN10 rootlets

55
Q

Foramen of CN11

A

Jugular Foramen

56
Q

Test of CN11 function

A

Shrug shoulders and turn head laterally against resistance.

57
Q

Function of Hypoglossal Nerve

A

Motor to intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of tongue except the Palatoglossus

58
Q

Where does CN12 emerge

A

Anterolateral Sulcus of Medulla

59
Q

Foramen of CN12

A

Hypoglossal Canal

60
Q

Test of CN12 Function

A

Protrude tongue

Observe for wasting, deviation, fasciculations (random movements)

61
Q

What is an Acoustic Neuroma and which cranial nerves may be compressed?

A

A Tumour of the Vestibulocochlear nerve

May compress

CN5, CN7, CN8, CN9

62
Q

Signs of a Trigeminal Nerve lesion?

A

Deviation of the mandible towards the IPSILATERAL side of the lesion

63
Q

Signs of a Vagus nerve lesion?

A

Uvula deviates to the CONTRALATERAL direction from the side of the lesion

64
Q

Signs of Hypoglossal nerve lesion?

A

Tongue deviates to IPSILATERAL side of the lesion

65
Q

Symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Anhidrosis
Ptosis
Miosis
Vasodilation

66
Q

Causes of Oculomotor Nerve damage

A

Micovascular disease e.g. Diabetes
Demyelinating diseases
Increased Intracranial Pressure (Subarachnoid Haemorrhage, Space-Occupying Lesion

67
Q

Where does the Greater Palatine nerve arise, and what is its function?

A

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Supplies gums, mucous membrane and glands of the hard palate

68
Q

Where does the Lesser Palatine nerve arise, and what is its function?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Soft palate, Tonsil, Uvula

69
Q

What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

A

A neuropathic disorder causing intense pain in the face

70
Q

What is Hyperacusis?

A

Increased sensitivities to certain frequencies/volumes

Due to stapedius paralysis (CN7 lesion distal to the Geniculate Ganglion)

71
Q

What is Hyperreflexia?

A

Exaggerated reflexes due to Upper Motor Neurone Disease/Spinal Cord Injury/Hyperthyroidism

72
Q

What is Hyporeflexia?

A

Reduced or absent reflexes due to Lower Motor Neurone disease

73
Q

Cranial Nerves involved in the Pupillary Light Reflex?

A

Sensory- Optic Nerve (CN2)

Motor- Oculomotor Nerve (CN3)

74
Q

Cranial nerves involved in the Corneal Reflex?

A

Sensory- Trigeminal Nerve (CN5)

Motor- Facial Nerve (CN7)

75
Q

Cranial nerves involved in the Gag Reflex?

A

Sensory- Glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Motor- Vagus (CN10)

76
Q

Cranial nerves involved in the Jaw Jerk Reflex?

A

Sensory- Trigeminal (CN5)

Motor- Trigeminal (CN5)

Spot Test (16 decks)

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