PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY AND REGENERATION TEST#4

Question 1

What is Neuropathy?

Answer 1

The general term for pathology involving one or more peripheral nerves.

Question 2

A complete severance of a peripheral nerve will result in?

Answer 2

Loss of sensation, motor control, and reflexes in the structures innervated by that specific peripheral nerve.

Question 3

In the case of nerve compression, what is lost?

Answer 3

The sensation of proprioception and discriminative touch

Question 4

Why does Pain and temperature initially remain intact with nerve compression?

Answer 4

Due to effects on large myelinated fibers that are affected first.

Question 5

When compression of a nerve occurs, sensory loss proceeds in the following order

Answer 5

Conscious proprioception and discriminative touch 
Cold 
Fast pain and sharp pain
Heat
Slow pain or dull, diffuse, aching pain.

Question 6

Paresthesias include what sensation?

Answer 6

Burning, pricking, and tingling sensation

Question 7

When the sensation is returning how does it come back?

Answer 7

in the order, it was lost from last to first.

Question 8

Nerve regrowth occurs approximately?

Answer 8

1mm per day or 1 inch per month.

Question 9

Hypoesthesia?

Answer 9

A decrease in sensory perception

Question 10

Hyperesthesia?

Answer 10

An increase in sensory perception

Question 11

Paresthesia

Answer 11

The occurrence of unusual feelings such as pins and needles, tingling, and burning.

Question 12

Dysesthesia

Answer 12

Unpleasant sensation such as burning.

Question 13

Thermesthesia

Answer 13

The ability to perceive temperature (hot and cold). Sensitivity to heat

Question 14

Thermohyperesthesia

Answer 14

An increase in temperature perception

Question 15

Thermohypoesthesia

Answer 15

A decrease in temperature perception

Question 16

Analgesia

Answer 16

Loss of pain sensation

Question 17

hypoalgesia

Answer 17

A decrease in the ability to perceive pain

Question 18

Hyperalgesia

Answer 18

An increase in the ability to perceive pain (over painful)

Question 19

Allodynia

Answer 19

A condition in which an otherwise innocuous stimulus causes pain

Question 20

Lumbar plexus is the network of what?

Answer 20

Peripheral spinal nerves formed by L1 through L4

Question 21

What are common sites of compression of lumbar plexus ?

Answer 21

Static nerve compression and Peroneal nerve compression

Question 22

What is static nerve compression ?

Answer 22

Sciatica AKA

Radiating pain in the limbosacral, buttock, leg, and for regions.

Question 23

Peroneal Nerve compression can cause?

Answer 23

For drop
Results in toe dragging or a stoppage gait.
Patient lifting his or her bent knees high enough to avoided dragging the foot

Question 24

Mononeuropathy

Answer 24

Involves damage to single nerve 
Usually due to compression or entrapment 
Examples include; 
Wrist drop. (Radial nerve)
Foot Drop. (Peroneal nerve)

Question 25

Radiculopathy

Answer 25

Nerve root impingement that results from a lesion affecting the dorsal or ventral roots
Commonly is a result of herniated vertebral discs, degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, facet joint dysfunction and spondylolisthesis

Question 26

Plexopathy

Answer 26

Damage to one of the plexuses, brachial, or lumbar.

Involves multiple peripheral nerve damage

Question 27

Polyneuropathy

Answer 27

Bilateral damage to more then one peripheral nerve
usually caused by disease process such as diabetes
Mild associated with distal lower extremities
More severe disease - distal upper extremities are also involved

Question 28

Gillian-Barre Syndrome

Answer 28

Acute inflammatory polyradiculopathy
Characterized by edema, demyelination of peripheral spinal roots
Involves progressive ascending muscular weakness of the limbs producing flaccid paralysis
Parenthesis and numbness often accompany motor function loss
Can be associated with orthostatic hypotension
Progress is commonly slow, most patient experience complete recovery

Question 29

Axons can regrow what is that called?

Answer 29

Sprouting

Question 30

There are two categories of Sprouting what are they?

Answer 30

Collateral and regenerative sprouting

Question 31

Collateral sprouting is ?

Answer 31

A damage neuron is re-innervated by branches of an intact axon located near the damage axon

Question 32

Regenerative Sprouting

Answer 32

when an axon and postsynaptic neuron have both been damaged.
Neurons project side sprouts to form a new synapses with others undamaged postsynaptic neurons