MidTerm

Question 1

What is autonomic nervous system ?

Answer 1

is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that independently regulates critical life body function.

Question 2

THe ANS does the following ?

Answer 2

Innervates the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands
Regulates cardia and smooth muscles 
regulates secretion from glands
Controles vegetative functions 
Temperature
Digestion
heart rate
Respiration
metabolism
maintenance of internal organs homeostasis 
blood pressure

Question 3

Anterior and Posterior Hypothalamus

Answer 3

Regulates temperature, thirst, feeding, behavior and endocrine functions.

Question 4

Central components of autonomic nervous system include?

Answer 4

cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic system, cerebellum and spinal cord.

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system function?

Answer 5

Accelerates heart rate
Increases blood pressure
shift of blood flow from the sink and stomach to skeletal muscle and brain
increase blood sugar level
dilation of the bronchioles and pupils
constriction of the stomach, intestine, and internal sphincter of the urethra.

Question 6

Autonomic Neuropathy

Answer 6

ANS disorder that affects involuntary body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure and sweating.

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of Autonomic Neuropathy ?

Answer 7

Orthostatic hypotension
Urinary and bowel incontinence 
Gastrointestinal disorders 
Inability to regulate temperature 
Decreased pupillary response.

Question 8

Autonomic Neuropathy can be related ?

Answer 8

large number of diseases affecting ANS including autoimmune disease, nerve injuries, diabetes and some infections

Question 9

Horner Syndrom?

Answer 9

Is ANS disorder resulting from transection of the oculomotor sympathetic pathway
Ipsilateral miosis (constriction of the pupil)
Partial ptosis (drooping of the ipsilateral eyelid)
Flushed dry skin on the ipsilateral face
ipsilateral sunken eyeball

Question 10

Pain is the?

Answer 10

sensory experience that is unpleasant and is associated with possible tissue damage.

Question 11

Nociception?

Answer 11

Pain receptors.

Name for pain detection

Question 12

The process of pain has four stages what are they?

Answer 12

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

Question 13

Transduction?

Answer 13

Happens when free nerve endings in the periphery become stimulated.
Located in the skin, muscles, connective tissues, circulatory system and viscera.

Question 14

Transmission?

Answer 14

Involves transmission of pain signals along afferent pathways in the periphery to the spinal cord and brain.
Large thinly myelinated fibers - transmit signals quickly in response to tissue damage.
C fibers are small unmyelinated and conduct pain signals very slowly.

Question 15

Delta fibers are causing what kind of pain?

Answer 15

Sharp, stinging, highly localized and short-lasting.

Question 16

C fibers are causing what kind of pain?

Answer 16

poorly localized, dull, aching and longer lasting.

Question 17

Preception?

Answer 17

The process whereby the cortex attaches meaning to or interprets pain signals.

Question 18

Pain tolerance referes to ?

Answer 18

The amount of pain a person is able to tolerate before seeking healthcare interventions. Can vary from person to person.

Question 19

Pain threshold referes to?

Answer 19

amount of pain stimulation required required before pain is perceived.

Question 20

Modulation ?

Answer 20

Modification of pain signals by different CNS and PNS centers along the pain pathway.

Question 21

What are the names of types of pain?

Answer 21

Somatic pain
Visceral pain
Qualities of pain
Pain receptors

Question 22

Somatic pain

Answer 22

Occurs from the body (skin, skeletal muscle, bones) can be divided into superficial and deep pain.

Question 23

Superficial pain is where?

Answer 23

Skin and superficial tissues and well localized

Question 24

Deep somatic pain is where ?

Answer 24

Ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles and is poorly localized.

Question 25

Visceral Pain

Answer 25

occurs from internal organs, glands, smooth muscles is dull or diffuse and not well localized
Usually accompany with changes in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, nausea, dilated pupils, perspiration pallor.

Question 26

Qualities of Pain?

Answer 26

Acute pain is considered to last less than 30 days and resolves quickly
Chronic pain lasts overtime (3 to 6 months)
Pain can be defined as sharp or dull

Question 27

Pain receptors ?

Answer 27

Specialized nerve endings that respond to tissue damage resulting from thermal, mechanical and chemical stimulation.
If stimulated intensely enough other types of receptors may act as pain receptors as well.