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HEM Exam 1 > Peripheral Blood Smears > Flashcards

Peripheral Blood Smears Flashcards

1
Q

the part of the peripheral smear that we are interested in looking at

A
  • the feathered edge
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2
Q

RBC size in normal peripheral blood

A
  • the size of a lymphocyte nucleus
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3
Q

area of pallor of RBC in normal peripheral blood

A
  • 1/3 of total RBC diameter
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4
Q

other cell present in normal peripheral blood

A
  • white cells and platelets should be present
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5
Q

name for red cells which vary widely in SIZE

A

anisocytosis

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6
Q

The RDW measures

A
  • the range of red cell sizes

- distribution of width of red blood cells

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7
Q

name for red cells that are small

A
  • microcytosis
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8
Q

MCV

A
  • direct measurement of RBC volume

- used for measurement in micro and macrocytosis

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9
Q

differential diagnosis of microcytosis includes

A
  • anemia of chronic disease (normally normocytic)
  • thalassemias
  • lead poisoning
  • iron deficiency
  • sideroblastic anemia
  • hemoglobin C disease and trait

SALTIH

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10
Q

name for large red blood cells

A
  • macrocytosis
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11
Q

differential diagnosis of macrocytosis includes

A
  • B12/folate deficiency
  • liver disease
  • thyroid disease
  • chemotherapy (hydra in particular)
  • anti-retrovirals
  • aplastic anemia
  • MDS (myelodysplastic anemia)
  • Elevated reticulocyte count

BLT CAAME - macro

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12
Q

name for red cells that have too little hemoglobin

A
  • hypochromasia
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13
Q

area of central pallor in hypochromasia

A
  • more than 1/3 the total RBC diameter
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14
Q

how to measure hypochromasia

A
  • MCH - mean corpuscular hemoglobin
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15
Q

name for red blood cells that have more of a bluish tinge

A
  • polychromasia
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16
Q

in general, the blue cells are

A
  • larger

- probably reticulocytes

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17
Q

name for red cells that vary widely in SHAPE

A
  • poikilocytosis
18
Q

name for cells that look like bulls-eyes

A
  • target cells
19
Q

differential diagnosis of target cells

A
  • liver disease
  • thalassemia
  • hemoglobin C
  • after splenectomy

T SHL

20
Q

name for cells that have a loss of central pallor

A
  • spherocytes
21
Q

spherocytes seen in which conditions

A
  • hereditary spherocytosis

- autoimmune hemolysis

22
Q

if spherocytes are due to autoimmune hemolysis

A
  • the cells are smaller
23
Q

name for red cell fragments with sharp edges

A
  • schistocytes
24
Q

schistocytes hallmark of

A
  • microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

- MAHA

25
Q

cells seen in sickle cell anemia

A
  • sickle cells
26
Q

name of cells with small regulator projections

A
  • Echinocytes

- Burr cells

27
Q

Echinocytes seen in

A
  • renal disease
28
Q

cells with larger, irregular projections

A
  • Acanthocytes

- spur cells

29
Q

acanthocytes seen in

A
  • liver disease
30
Q

teardrop cells seen in

A
  • myelophthisic processes
  • myelofibrosis
  • tumor metastatic to marrow
  • granulomatous diseases
  • leukemias and lymphomas
  • (massive) splenomegaly (sometimes)

SLT GMM

31
Q

myelophthisic processes are diseases of

A
  • marrow infiltration

MARROW IS SO FULL IT’S CRYING OUT TEARS

32
Q

name for peripheral, small, round, purple inclusions within red cells that represent nuclear remnants

A
  • Howell-Jolly bodies
33
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies seen

A
  • after splenectomy

- splenic hypofunction

34
Q

After splenectomy we can also see

A
  • target cells
  • acanthocytes
  • schistocytes
  • nucleated red cells
35
Q

name for linear arrangements of red cells

A
  • rouleaux
36
Q

rouleaux seen in which disorders

A
  • those with increased levels of immunoglobulin
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
37
Q

red cell agglutination occurs when

A
  • red cells are coated with IgM

- not orderly and linear

38
Q

things seen in beta-thalassemia major

A
  • target cells
  • Howell-jolly bodies
  • nucleated red cells
  • schistocytes
  • basophilic stippling
  • teardrops
39
Q

cells in megaloblastic anemia

A
  • red cells are macrocytic

- hypersegmented neutrophils can also be seen

40
Q

cells in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A
  • polychromasia

- microspherocytes

41
Q

cell in iron deficiency anemia

A
  • hypochromic
  • microcytic - look more like cigars
  • increased number of platelets

HEM Exam 1 (22 decks)

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