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HEM Exam 1 > Erlichiosis and Anaplasmosis > Flashcards

Erlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Flashcards

1
Q

erlichosis is caused by what kind of pathogen

A
  • bacteria
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2
Q

erlichiosis/anaplasmosis is caused by what kind of vector

A
  • tick
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3
Q

anaplasmosis is caused by what kind of pathogen

A
  • bacteria
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4
Q

leishmaniasiasis is caused by what kind of pathogen

A
  • protozoa
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5
Q

trypanosomiasis is caused by what kind of pathogen

A
  • protozoa
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6
Q

After a mammalian host is infected with a vector-borne parasite, what has to happen before it becomes infectious?

A
  • Intrinsic incubation period
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7
Q

The intrinsic incubation period occurs in the _____ host

A
  • mammalian (i.e. deer)
  • host becomes infectious
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8
Q

The extrinsic incubation period occurs in the ____ host

A
  • arthropod (i.e. tick)
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9
Q

The extrinsic incubation period is the time that it takes for the ___ to become infectious

A
  • vector
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10
Q

Ehrlichia chafeensis infects what cell type?

A
  • Monocytes
  • mononuclear phagocytes
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11
Q

Ehrlichia chafeensis causes

A
  • HME
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12
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects what cell types?

A
  • Granulocytes (neutrophils)
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13
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes

A
  • HGA
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14
Q

Malaria species infects

A
  • red blood cells
  • liver cells
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15
Q

Babesia microti infects _____

A

red blood cells

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16
Q

Trypanosoma species infects

A
  • monocytes
  • macrophages
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17
Q

Leishmania species infects

A
  • macrophages
  • reticuloendothelial cells
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18
Q

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are a part of the ______ family

A

Rickettsia

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19
Q

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are obligate intracellular, gram ____ bacteria and are ____ borne

A

negative; tick

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20
Q

The lone star tick is infected with _____

A
  • Ehrlichia
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21
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) causes ____ and sepsis

A

Fever

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22
Q

Where and when in the US does ehrlichiosis predominate?

A
  • Southeast to south central US;
  • spring and summer
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23
Q

Risk factors for contracting ehrlichiosis

A
  • Hiking and other outdoor sports
  • Exposure to wildlife
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24
Q

Vector for Ehrlichiosis

A
  • Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)
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25
Q

Animal reservoirs for ehrlichiosis

A
  • white tail deer
  • dogs
  • coyotes
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26
Q

Other routes of transmission of ehrlichiosis:

A

◦Maternal-child

◦Blood transfusion

◦Direct contact with slaughtered deer

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27
Q

Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) blood smear finding

A
  • See morulae in the monocytes
  • look like mulberries
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28
Q

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by what arthropod?

A
  • Black-legged tick or deer tick
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29
Q

Anaplasmosis occurs in what region of the US?

A
  • Upper Midwest and Northeast US
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30
Q

High seroprevalence of anaplasmosis means that there is likely a lot of_______ transmission

A
  • asymptomatic
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31
Q

Deer ticks or black-legged ticks with anaplasma may be co-infected with Borrelia (cause of Lyme’s disease) or ____

A
  • Babesia
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32
Q

Nosocomial transmission of _____ has been noted

A

Anaplasma

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33
Q

_____ may be transmitted person-person as seen in China

A
  • Anaplasma
34
Q

Peripheral blood smear of anaplasmosis

A
  • Morulae seen in neutrphils
  • in contrast to seeing morulae in monocytes in ehrlichiosis
35
Q

GI symptoms are more frequent in ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmmosis

rash symptoms are more frequent in ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmmosis

A
  • ehrlichiosis
  • ehrlichiosis
36
Q

In ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, what is the incubation period?

A
  • 1-2 weeks after bite with infected tick
37
Q

Acute febrile illness is common in infections with:

A
  • Ehrlichia and anaplasma
38
Q

Between Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis, which condition has a higher mortality rate and is more severe and life threatening?

A
  • Ehrlichiosis
39
Q

If you think that someone has ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis, but you are waiting for confirmation, should you delay treatment with doxycycline?

A
  • No, that can mean that the illness becomes serious and that may lead to hospitalization and manual ventilation and death
40
Q

What is the best antibiotic to treat ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis?

Why is it best?

A
  • doxycycline (which is a tetracycline);
  • best becasue it accumulates inside of the bacteria
41
Q

Trophozoites refers to what forms of protozoa?

A
  • motile, feeding, reproducing forms
42
Q

Mastigotes refers to what kind of form of protozoa?

A
  • Flagellated
43
Q

Merozoites, schizonts, gametes, oocysts all refer to what stage of protozoan development?

A
  • Sexual stages
44
Q

Peripheral blood smear of someone with babesiosis

A
  • The Maltese cross is characteristic of babesiosis
45
Q

Babesiosis is reported in what regions of the US?

A
  • Northeast and upper midwest
46
Q

What is the vector for babesia?

A
  • Nymphal stage of the black-legged tick or deer tick
47
Q

What is the animal reservoir for babesia?

A
  • White-footed mouse
48
Q

What may the clinical maifestations for Babesia be?

A
  • Asymptomatic or can present with flu-like symptoms
  • Hemolytic anemia with dark urine
49
Q
  • What populations of people are at a high risk of severe, life-threatening disease when infected with babesia?
A
  • Those without a spleen
  • Immunocompromised
  • Advanced age
50
Q

It can be difficult to distinguish a babesia blood smear from a ______ smear due to the similarites in the trophozoite (ring stage)

A

plasmodium (malaria)

51
Q

What are the 2 types of leishmaniasis?

A
  • Visceral
  • Cutaneous and mucocutaneous
52
Q

Leishmaniases infect what cell type?

A
  • Macrophages
53
Q

What is the vector for leishmaniases?

A
  • sand fly
54
Q

Kala-azar (Hindi for black fever) refers to what diseases?

where is this condition also found?

A
  • visceral leishmaniases
  • Brazil
55
Q

In some regions, humans may be a reservoir for this parasitic infection along with small rodents

A
  • leishmaniases
56
Q

Other routes of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

A

◦Blood transfusion

◦IV Drug use, needle sharing

◦Congenital

57
Q

Clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis

A

* Irregular bouts of fever

* Substantial weight loss

* Swelling of spleen and liver

* Serious anemia

* Untreated, fatality rate in developing countries 100% within 2 years Post-kala-azar dermal manifestations

58
Q

Peripheral blood smear of someone with lieshmaniasis

A
  • Infected macrophage with amastigote and kinetoblast
59
Q

Visualization of the kinetoplast is important for diagnostic purposes, to be confident the patient has _________

A

leishmaniasis

60
Q

In a bone marrow or spleen aspirate, what cells will you be looking for to have within them amastigotes for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis?

A
  • macrophages
61
Q

African trypanosomiasis is known as

A
  • Sleeping sickness
62
Q

American trypanosomiasis is known as

A
  • Chagas disease
63
Q

T. brucei causes

A

sleeping sickness

64
Q

T. cruzi causes

A
  • Chagas disease
65
Q

vector for sleeping sickness

A
  • tsetse fly
66
Q

vector for chagas disease

A
  • reduviid kissing bug
67
Q

Sleeping sickness is seen in _____

Chagas disease is seen in _____

A
  • Africa
  • Latin and South America
68
Q

Animal reservoir of Chaga’s disease

A

◦armadillos

raccoons

◦also dogs

guinea pigs

rats

69
Q

How does the reduviid bug transmit T. cruzi?

A
  • It bites and then poops in the place where it bit on the person’s face normally
  • the parasites are in the big’s GI tract
70
Q

Death due to Chagas is usaully due to _____ problems

A
  • Cardiac
71
Q

Romana’s sign is seen in what disease?

What does Romana’s sign look like

A

Chaga’s

  • swelling of eyelids near the bite or where feces was rubbed into the eye
72
Q

In acute infection of trypanosomiasis, what will be seen on a blood smear?

A

* extracellular trypomastigotes

73
Q

In chronic infection of trypanosomiasis, what will be seen in the bone marrow aspirate or muscle biopsy?

A

* Intracellular amastigotes

74
Q

1.

2.

diagosis

A
  1. PMN
  2. infected monocyte with morula

Ehrlichiosis

75
Q

what is seen in this slide?

diagnosis

A
  • morulae in neutrophils

Anaplasmosis

76
Q

What is the diagnosis?

How do you know?

A
  • babesia
  • maltese cross
77
Q

What is the diagnosis?

What stage

1.

2.

3.

A

Babesia

  1. merozoites
  2. trophozoites (ring stage)
  3. merozoite tetrad
78
Q

What is the diagnosis?

How do you know?

A
  • leischmaniasis

amastigote in macrophage

79
Q

what is seen here?

diagnosis

A
  • extracellular trypomastigotes in blood smear
  • acute trypanosmiasis
80
Q

what is seen here?

diagnosis

A
  • intracellular amastigotes in bone marrow biopsy
  • chronic trypanomiasis

HEM Exam 1 (22 decks)

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