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HEMATOLOGY > PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR > Flashcards

PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR Flashcards

1
Q

Blood smears should be made within__ hours after collection of EDTA blood

A

3

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2
Q

Correction for pseudothrombocytopenia

A

Recollect blood specimen using 3.2% sodium citrate

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3
Q

Platelets adhere on the surface of WBCs

A

Platelet satellitosis

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4
Q

Correction for pseudothrombocytopenia

A

Recollect blood specimen using 3.2% sodium citrate

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5
Q

Platelets form large clumps

A

EDTA-induced platelet clumping

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6
Q

Correction for pseudoleukocytosis

A

Recollect blood specimen using 3.2% sodium citrate

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7
Q

Conversion factor for correction when recollecting with 3.2% sodium citrate

A

1.1

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8
Q

Best for evaluation of blood cell morphology

A

Anticoagulant-free blood

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9
Q

Methods of blood film preparation:

A

Two-glass slide method
Coverslip technique
Automated methods

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10
Q

Most frequently used method in blood film preparation

A

Two-glass slide method (manual wedge technique)

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11
Q

Angle between the 2 slides in manual wedge technique

A

30 to 45 degrees

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12
Q

Too high angle equals

A

Thicker smear

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13
Q

Size of the drop of blood in manual wedge technique

A

2-3 mm

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14
Q

Distance of the drop from the margin

A

1 cm

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15
Q

Larger drop of blood equals

A

Thicker smear

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16
Q

Faster speed of the spreader equals

A

Thicker smear

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17
Q

If too high hematocrit

A

Angle should be lowered as low as 25 degrees

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18
Q

If too low hematocrit

A

Angle should be raised

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19
Q

Scanning methods

A

Longitudinal (tail to head)
Battlement (back and forth serpentine)

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20
Q

Characteristis of an ideal blood smear

A

Gradual transition from thick to thin area
2/3 to 3/4 the length of the film slide
Fingershaped
Visible lateral edges
Without irregularities, holes, or streaks
Feather edge has a rainbow appearance
Whole drop of blood is picked up and spread

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21
Q

Coverslip techniques:

A

Glass slide-coverslip method (Beacom’s method)
Two-coverslip method (Ehrlich’s method)

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22
Q

Coverslip technique is sometimes used for making what

A

Bone marrow aspirate smears

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23
Q

Only advantage of using the coversli technique

A

Excellent WBC distribution

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24
Q

Automated methods in making smears:

A

CellaVision HemaPrep
Centrifugal (Spinner) type
Coulter LH
Sysmex SP-10

25
Q

No power source necessary, portable, and semi-automated preparation of two blood films

A

CellaVision HemaPrep

26
Q

Uses approx. 0.2 mL of well-mixed anticoagulated blood

A

Centrifugal (Spinner) type

27
Q

Slide makers and stainers

A

Coulter LH and Sysmex SP-10

28
Q

Purpose of blood smear staining

A

Evaluation of cellular morphology

29
Q

Important solutions for blood smear staining:

A

Fixative: methanol
Stain: Wright or Wright-Giemsa
Buffer: 0.05M sodium phosphate or aged distilled water

30
Q

Defined as a stain which contains methylene blue and a halogenated fluorescein dye

A

Romanowsky-type stain

31
Q

Basic stain that colors the nucleus and some cytoplasmic structures a blue or purple color

A

Methylene blue

32
Q

An acidic stain that colors some cytoplasmic structures an orange-red color

A

Eosin

33
Q

Examples of Romanowsky-type stains

A

Wright
Giemsa
May-Grunwald

34
Q

Techniques of staining:

A

Manual
Automated
Quick

35
Q

RBC appearance in well-stained smear

A

Orange to salmon-pink

36
Q

WBC nuclei in well-stained smear

A

Purple to blue

37
Q

Neutrophil cytoplasm in well-stained smear

A

Pink to tan with violet to lilac granules

38
Q

Eosinophil granules in a well-stained smear

A

Bright-orange

39
Q

When RBCs are gray or blue; WBCs are too dark; and eosinophil granules appear gray, what are usually the causes

A

Stain/buffer is too alkaline/basic
Inadequate rinsing
Heparinized blood was used

40
Q

When RBCs are too pale or red and WBCs are barely visible, the usual causes would be

A

Stain/buffer is too acidic
Underbuffering
Over-rinsing

41
Q

Blood film bluer than normal

A

Patient has increased blood proteins

42
Q

Grainy appearance

A

RBC agglutination

43
Q

Holes all over the film

A

Patient has increased lipid levels

44
Q

Blue specks out at the feather edge

A

Markedly increased WBC counts and platelet counts

45
Q

10x objective

A

LPO

46
Q

40x objective

A

HPO

47
Q

100x or 50x

A

OIO

48
Q

Detect snowplow effect which will make the blood smear unacceptable

A

LPO

49
Q

Assess overall film quality and distribution of cells

A

LPO

50
Q

Locate rare abnormal WBCs

A

LPO

51
Q

Detect fibrin strands, rouleaux formation, and unexpected parasites

A

LPO

52
Q

Used to estimate total WBC count

A

HPO

53
Q

Multiplication factor for WBC count counted using 40x high-dry objective

A

2000

54
Q

Multiplication factor for WBC count counted using 50x oil immersion objective

A

3000

55
Q

Used to examine the nuclear details of the WBC

A

OIO

56
Q

Used for the tabulation of the actual WBC differential and estimation of platelet count

A

OIO

57
Q

Multiplication factor used for the estimation of the platelet count

A

20, 000

58
Q

Formula used for the estimation of platelet count of anemic patients

A

Average number of platelets per field x total RBC count / 200 RBCs per field

59
Q

Storage of blood smear slides

A

At least 7 days before proper disposal

HEMATOLOGY (6 decks)

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