HEMATOPOIESIS

Question 1

Process of blood cell formation

Answer 1

Hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis

Question 2

Classical marker of hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 2

CD34

Question 3

Hematopoiesis is considered to start around the _____ day of embryonic development

Answer 3

19th

Question 4

Suggests that each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell

Answer 4

Polyphyletic theory

Question 5

Suggests that all blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell called a pluripotential stem cell

Answer 5

Monophyletic theory

Question 6

Most widely accepted theory among experimental hematologists

Answer 6

Monophyletic theory

Question 7

Three phases of hematopoiesis:

Answer 7

Mesoblastic/megaloblastic
Hepatic
Intramedullary/medullary/myeloid

Question 8

Chief site of hematopoeisis in mesoblastic stage

Answer 8

Yolk sac

Question 9

Chief site of hematopoeisis in hepatic stage

Answer 9

Fetal liver (also spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes)

Question 10

Chief site of hematopoeisis in intramedullary stage

Answer 10

Bone marrow

Question 11

First blood cells: primitive erythroblasts are formed during the first__ to __ weeks of life

Answer 11

2 to 8

Question 12

PE are important in early embryogenesis to produce_________ necessary for delivery of oxygen to the embryonic tissues

Answer 12

Hemogobin

Question 13

Yolk sac hematopoiesis differs from hematopoiesis that occurs later in that it occurs__________________

Answer 13

Intravascularly

Question 14

Predominant hemoglobin during the hepatic phase

Answer 14

Hb F

Question 15

First fully developed organ in the fetus

Answer 15

Thymus

Question 16

Major site of T cell production

Answer 16

Thymus

Question 17

Produce B cells

Answer 17

Kidneys and spleen

Question 18

Hematopoiesis starts in the bone marrow cavity before the ____ month of fetal development

Answer 18

5th

Question 19

The _____________ becomes the chief site of hematopoiesis by the end of 24 weeks’ gestation

Answer 19

Bone marrow

Question 20

Not a normal hematopoietic organ in adults; production may indicate disorder

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Produces lymphocytes in adult hematopoiesis

Answer 21

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Question 22

Contains developing erythroid, myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic cells

Answer 22

Bone marrow

Question 23

Considered to be a primary lymphoid organ with functions equivalent to that of Bursa of Fabricius

Answer 23

Bone marrow

Question 24

The bone marrow is estimated to be capable of generating around_______ RBCs, ________ Granulocytes, and ________ platelets per kilogram of body weight daily

Answer 24

2.5 billion; 1 billion; 1.5 billion

Question 25

Process of replacing red marrow by yellow marrow during development

Answer 25

Retrogression

Question 26

Between __ to __ years of age, adipocytes become more abundant and start to occupy the spaces in the long bones previously dominted by active marrow

Answer 26

5 to 7

Question 27

Eventually results in restriction of the red marrow in the adult to the

Answer 27

RSVP

Question 28

Has the ability of reverting back to active marrow in cases of increased demand on the bone marrow

Answer 28

Yellow marrow

Question 29

Hematopoietically active marrow

Answer 29

Red marrow

Question 30

Hematopoietically inactive marrow composed primarily of fat cells

Answer 30

Yellow marrow

Question 31

Lymphoid development occurs in

Answer 31

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 32

Primary lymphoid organs:

Answer 32

Bone marrow Thymus

Question 33

Where T and B lymphocytes are derived

Answer 33

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 34

Major secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 34

Spleen and lymph nodes

Question 35

Major functions of major secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 35

Trapping and concentration of foreign substances Main sites of production of antibodies and the induction of antigen-specific T lymphocytes

Question 36

Largest of the secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 36

Spleen

Question 37

Major organ in the body in which antibodies are synthesized and from which they are released into the circulation

Answer 37

Spleen

Question 38

Small ovoid, bean-shaped structures found in different areas throughout the body

Answer 38

Lymph nodes

Question 39

Removal of spleen

Answer 39

Splenectomy

Question 40

Enlargement of the spleen

Answer 40

Splenomegaly

Question 41

Increased hemolytic activity of the spleen caused by splenomegaly

Answer 41

Hypersplenism

Question 42

Any disorder characterized by a localized/genaralized enlargemento lymph nodes/lymph vessels

Answer 42

Lymphadenopathy

Question 43

Solid tumor neoplasm of lymphoid tissues

Answer 43

Lymphoma

Question 44

Minor secondary lymphoid organs:

Answer 44

Tonsils Appendix Peyer's patches MALT

Question 45

Can maintain hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells to generate various blood cells as a response to infectious agents or in pathologic myelofibrosis of the bone marrow

Answer 45

Liver

Question 46

Bone marrow collection sites:

Answer 46

Posterior superior iliac crest Anterior superior iliac crest Sternum Anterior medial surface of the tibia Spinous process of the vertebrae, ribs, or other red marrow-containing bones

Question 47

Preferred sites for bone marrow aspiration in adults

Answer 47

Posterior and anterior superior iliac crest

Question 48

Preferred site for bone marrow aspiration in children <2 years

Answer 48

Anterior medial surface of the tibia

Question 49

Indications for bone marrow examination:

Answer 49

Neoplasia diagnosis and staging Marrow failure; cytopenias Metabolic disorders Infections Monitoring of treatment

Question 50

Normal marrow cells:

Answer 50

Developing hematopoietic cells Macrophages Mast cells Osteoblasts Osteoclasts

Question 51

Largest cell in normal marrow

Answer 51

Megakaryocytes

Question 52

Marrow differential must have at least ___ cells to be counted

Answer 52

500

Question 53

Proportion of myeloid cells to nucleated erythroid precursors in the bone marrow aspirate

Answer 53

M:E ratio

Question 54

Bone marrow smears should be retained for

Answer 54

10 years

Question 55

Disturbs bone marrow architecture

Answer 55

Bone marrow aspirate

Question 56

Spread as a smear on a slide, stained, and examined

Answer 56

Bone marrow aspirate

Question 57

Used for analysis of individual cell morphology

Answer 57

Bone marrow aspirate

Question 58

Bone marrow removed intact without disturbing the bone architecture

Answer 58

Bone marrow biopsy

Question 59

Used for analysis of bone marrow architecture

Answer 59

Bone marrow biopsy

Question 60

Blood cell production outside the bone marrow

Answer 60

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 61

Extramedullary hematopoiesis occurs mainl in the

Answer 61

Liver and spleen