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Embryology > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

periodontium is composed of?

A

all the tissues that surround and support the tooth:

1) gingiva
2) periodontal ligament
3) cementum of root
4) alveolar bone

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2
Q

Define cementum

A
  • mineralized CT covering the root
  • attachment point for gingiva and PDL fibers
  • protect dentin from pain
  • compensates for occlusal wear
  • NOT vascular and exhibits little turnover
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3
Q

growth of cementum

A

GROWS SLOWLY

1) prefunctional stage
- -throughout root formation
2) functional stage
- -starts with tooth in occlusion

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4
Q

where is cememtum located?

A

begins at the cervical portion of the tooth at the cemento-enamel juntion and continues to the apex. continuous deposition of cementum in the apical region compensates for rapid wear at the occlusal surface

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5
Q

cementum based on time of formation

A
  • primary cementim= formed before eruption

* secondary cementum= formed after eruption

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6
Q

cementum by location

A
  • radicular cementum= fond on root surface

* coronal cementum= enamel covering the crown

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7
Q

cementum based on cellularity

A
  • cellular= contains cementocytes in LACUNAE within the cementum matrix (apical third)
  • acellular= NO CELLS, cervical third
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8
Q

cementum based on collagen fibrils

A
  • fibrillar= well defined fibrils of type ONE collagen

* afibrillar= devoid of detectable type 1. fine and granular; no fibers

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9
Q

extrinsic fiber cementum

A

originally produced by PDL fibroblasts*

  • SHARPEY’s fibers that are continuous with principle fibers of PDL
  • major role in tooth ANCHORAGE
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10
Q

intrinsic fiber cementum

A

produced by cementoblasts

  • PARALLEL to the cementum
  • sites undergoing REPAIR and adaptation; no anchorage!
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11
Q

how is cementum classified into cellular or acellular?

A

by inclusion or non-inclusion of cementocytes

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12
Q

acellular cementum

A

thin

  • covers cervical root
  • (possible coronal and middle 3rd of root)
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13
Q

cellular cementum

A

thick

-covers apical root

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14
Q

what are the 3 major types of distinguishable cementum?

A

1) acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC)
2) cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC)
3) cellular mixed stratified cementum (CIFC)

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15
Q

acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC)

A
  • primary cementim
  • coronal 2/3 of rrot
  • extrinsic fibers
  • no cementocytes
  • acellular cementum
  • produced by fibroblasts of PDL; aka Sharpey’s fibers
  • horizontal fiber structure
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16
Q

cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC)

A
  • secondary cementum
  • produced by cementoblasts in LACUNAE
  • canaliculi oriented toward PDL
  • apical 1/3 of root
  • mostly intrinsic fibers
  • cementoblasts
17
Q

cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC)

A

both AEFC and CIFC

  • both intrinsic and extrinsic
  • both cellular and acellular
18
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A
  • embedded in alveolar one
  • less distinct in cementum
  • pass between cementoblasts to enter dementum
19
Q

is aceullar or cellular portion of dentin more thick?

A

cellular

20
Q

how much of cementum is organic or inorganic?

A
  • inorganic= 45-50%; calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crytals
  • organic= 50-55%; collagen fibers, protein, polysaccharides
21
Q

4 mineralized tissues are found in the oral cavity and 3 of them are components of the tooth. what are they?

A

cementim
dentin
enamel

22
Q

90% of cementum is what type of collagen?

A

type 1

23
Q

cementum formation takse place along the entire root, however its initiation is limited to?

A

the advancing root edge which Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

24
Q

what does Hertwigs epithelial root sheath do?

A

sends an inductive message, possibly by secreting some enamel proteins or other epithelial product to pulp cells;which differentiate into odontoblasts and produce a layer of predentin

25
Q

what is ‘epithelial cell rests of Malassez’?

A

cells from fragmented root sheath form discrete masses surrounded by a basal lamina, which persist in mature PDL

26
Q

the principle fibers of the periodontal ligament are continuous with the?

A

Sharpey’s fibers of the cementum

27
Q

enamel organ-derived cells are capapble of producing mesenchymal products such as ?

A

collagen type 1
bone sialoprotein
osteopontin

28
Q

what are genes that control extracellular pyrophosphate?

A

ank and PC-1

*mutations in these genes lead to formation of cellular cementum even at early stages of root development

29
Q

what is phosphate important for?

A

contorlling rate of cementum formation

30
Q

define periodontal ligament

A

soft CT between alveolar bone proper and cementum. tooth attachment; support and cushion; sensory organ

31
Q

define alveolar bone

A

mineralized CT lining socket. Serves as attachment for PDL fiber (embedded in alveolar bone)

Embryology (12 decks)

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