early embry 1

Question 1

250 years ago, scientists such as Georges-Louis Leclerc, JeanBaptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe reflected on how the developmental history of?

Answer 1

each organism related to the history of life on earth

Question 2

major biologic differences between humans and chimpanzees is from?

Answer 2

“regulatory mutations” in the genome

Question 3

a key to understanding the morphologic differences among primates (humans and chimpanzees) is?

Answer 3

to understand the differences in the gene expression pattern during development

Question 4

Natural selection

Answer 4

Environment and Survival of the fittest

Question 5

what does “fittest” means in survival of the fittest?

Answer 5

not mean always mean the “biggest or strongest”

*It can mean fastest, smallest, fewest parasites, best able to avoid predators and/ or attract a mate

Question 6

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 6

• Heredity and traits: Passing of gene pool
• “Inherited talent” and “Acquired talent”
• 10,000-hour rule !

Question 7

Gorilla, Chimpanzees and Orangutans have what in common with humans?

Answer 7

menstruate

I think shrews do as well

Question 8

What is special about the Dogon women of Mali?

Answer 8

• first period at the age of 16 and gives birth 8/9 times
• pregnant or breast feeding suppresses ovulation
• have approximately 100 periods, whereas western women have about 500

Question 9

Strassmann (1991) believes that the number of lifetime menses is not affected by? IS affected by? differences in diet or climate, but instead by things such as?

Answer 9

NOT affected by diet or climate

*age of menarche, number of children borne, prevalence of breast feeding and sterility are more significant factors

Question 10

the number of periods we think of as normal (500) is abnormal in ____ terms

Answer 10

evolutionary

Question 11

Has Evolution made our wisdom teeth disappear?

Answer 11

A simple mathematical formula explains why our teeth look the way they do and suggest that our wisdom teeth will eventually disappear

Question 12

Is low back pain a consequence of standing upright?

Answer 12

Nonsense, bipedalism evolved because the apes that came down from the trees to the savannah needed to stand up to scan the horizon for predator and prey

Question 13

So, why do men have nipples?

Answer 13

Males have nipples simply to be used as
pacifiers for their offspring when the mom is not available
*possibly becausesebacious glands are developed early and cannot be stopped (mammary develope later)

Question 14

pregnancy in humans is how long? starts when?

Answer 14

38 weeks

*starts a moment of fertilization

Question 15

All multicellular organisms start out as a single cell called?

Answer 15

zygote

Question 16

zygote

Answer 16

• fertilized egg (single cell)

* (~ 100µm in diameter)

Question 17

During the first 8 weeks following fertilization, the developing human is called an? means?

Answer 17

embryo

*means “growing within”

Question 18

what is the embryonic period?

Answer 18

characterized by the formation of most major body systems

*first 8 weeks following fertilization

Question 19

8 weeks until the end of pregnancy, the developing human is called? means?

Answer 19

a fetus

*means “unborn offspring”

Question 20

what is the fetal period?

Answer 20

characterized by the body growing larger and its systems begin to function
*Last 30 weeks of pregnancy

Question 21

the process of progressive change during pregnancy is called?

Answer 21

development

Question 22

3 major aspects of development?

Answer 22

differentiation
morphogenesis
growth

Question 23

differentiation

Answer 23

A single cell gives rise to many cell types (muscle cell, neurons, blood cell, epithelial cell) found in an adult

Question 24

morphogenesis

Answer 24

Intricate ordering of the differentiated cells or tissues are organized into organs so that the body plan is achieved

Question 25

growth

Answer 25

Cell proliferation and cell death contribute to organ development.
*Developing cells know when to divide and when not to

Question 26

Fertilization to birth is?

Answer 26

embryogenesis

Question 27

zygote>_____ >____> _____> trilaminar

Answer 27

zygote> morula> blastocyte> bilaminar> trilaminar