early embry 2 Must know

Question 1

face and brain are supplied first by what blood vessels?

Answer 1

internal carotid artery

Question 2

facial vessels detach from the internalcarotid and attach to the?

Answer 2

external carotid

Question 3

all the bone in the face comes from what type of cell?

Answer 3

neural crest cells

Question 4

what is the number one craniofacial birth defect?

Answer 4

cleft lip/ palate

Question 5

what are 3 MAJOR craniofacial deformities?

Answer 5

acephaly
aneceohaly
acrania

Question 6

acepahy means?

Answer 6

absence of head

Question 7

anecephaly means?

Answer 7

absence of brain

Question 8

acrania means?

Answer 8

absence of skull

Question 9

what are considered mildcraniofacial deformities?

Answer 9

odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts aka CYSTS

Question 10

What is the critical stage for palate development? Related syndromes to?

Answer 10

42-70 days postfertilization (6-9 weeks)

*if this development is interupted, cleft lip and/or palate occurs

Question 11

why do mammals need a palate? what is the exception?

Answer 11

they need the barrier so they can breath and feed separately and efficiently
*exception is birds. They use cleft to trap air in oral cavity so it doesn’t go stright to lungs and burst them with too much pressure)

Question 12

What arches form the tongue that you can SEE?

Answer 12

• arch 1= oral part of tongue (anterior 2/3)
• arch 2= inital contribution to surface is LOST
• arch 3= pharyngeal part of tongue (posterior 1/3)
• arch 4= apiglottis and adjacent regions

Question 13

What is the innervation of anterior 2/3 of tongue?
Sensory
Taste
Motor

Answer 13

• -sensory innervatin of the mucosa is via the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve
• • taste innervation is via the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (except TASTE BUDS are glossopharyngeal)
• -motor innervation of the intrinsic skeletal muscles is via the hypoglossal nerve

Question 14

What is the innervation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Sensory
Taste
Motor

Answer 14

• -sensory innervatin of the mucosa is via the glossopharyngeal nerve (and vagus)
• • taste innervation is via glossopharyngeal and some vagus
• -motor innervation of the intrinsic skeletal muscles is via the hypoglossal nerve

Question 15

What nerve innervates both the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?

Answer 15

hypoglossal nerve has motor innervation of the intrinsic skeletal muscels for ALL of tongue

Question 16

what arch does NOT contribute to the tongue?

Answer 16

arch 2= inital contribution to surface is LOST

Question 17

What does the “pharyngeal arches developing in four pairs” mean?

Answer 17

that 1, 2, 3 and 4/6 are paired on each side of the body

• 4/6 are fused
• 5 does not develop in humans

Question 18

WHAT separates the arches internally and externally?

Answer 18

external= grooves (celfts)
internal= pouches

Question 19

for tongue development, what does the first pharyngeal arch contribute?

Answer 19

1) two lateral lingual prominences (swellings) and a central (middle
prominance (swelling)
2) the tuberculum impar
**these 3 form the body and apex of anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 20

epithlium of the anterior 2/3 of tongue comes from what embryonic layer?

Answer 20

ectoderm

Question 21

for tongue development, what does the second and third pharyngeal arch contribute?

Answer 21

they forms the middle hypobranchial eminance (copula)

*forms the base (root) of tongue aka the posterior 1/3

Question 22

muscles of the tongue are developed from? innervated by?

Answer 22

myoblasts and occipital somites

* innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

Question 23

how does maxillary sinus develope?

Answer 23

1– outpouching of the lateral wall of the ethmoid area into the internal wall of maxilla, creating intial sinus
2– nasal capsule is resorded during ossification
2– max sinus enters the develping max process
4– mas sinus expands into the maxilla, it is restricted by dental development