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Oral Biology II > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three principle components of the periodontium?

A

1-Alveolar process
2-Cementum
3-Periodontal Ligament

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2
Q

A fibrous peg-in-socket joint is called what?

A

Gomphosis

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3
Q

What is the origin of osteoblasts?

A

Surrounding mesenchymal tissue

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4
Q

What is the origin of cementoblasts?

A

Ectomesenchymal cells driven by HERs/follicle cells

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5
Q

What is the origin of PDL fibroblasts?

A

Ectomesenchymal/follicle cells

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6
Q

Periodontium contains ___ out of ____ types of mineralized tissue found in the oral cavity

A

3 out of 4

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7
Q

How is alveolar process formed?

A

Intramembranous ossification (Mesenchyme direct to bone, no cartilage intermediate)

*Begins during 8th week of uterine life

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8
Q

What is the main influence driving the development of the alveolar process?

A

dental follicle

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9
Q

Compact bone (cribriform plate, lamina dura) lines the “tooth socket” and is called?

A

Alveolar bone proper

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10
Q

What are the compact and trabecular bone components of the supporting alveolar bone?

A
  • Compact: Cortical plates

- Trabecular: Central spongiosa

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11
Q

What are the 3 descriptions for alveolar bone proper?

A

1-Cribriform plate (anatomical term)
2-Lamina Dura (radiographic term)
3-Bundle bone (histological term)

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12
Q

Which side of alveolar bone proper has a higher remodeling rate due to constant adaptation to tooth movements and is thus primarily woven bone?

A

Inner (towards PDL)

*outer is more lamellar bone, continuous with supporting alveolar bone

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13
Q

The junction of the cortical plate and alveolar bone proper is referred to as?

A

Alveolar crest

*thinner in maxilla, thickest in premolar and molar region of mandible

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14
Q

What are the two main components of the central spongiosa?

A

1-Trabecular bone supporting alveolar bone proper and cortical plate
2-Marrow (red in young, yellow in aged)

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15
Q

Bony region between roots of a single tooth are called?

A

Interradicular septum

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16
Q

Bony region between adjacent teeth are called?

A

Interalveolar septum

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17
Q

What are 4 functions of alveolar bone?

A

1-Protection and structure of the socket
2-Attachement of Sharpeys fibers of the PDL
3-Support of tooth roots, especially facial/lingual
4-Distribution of loading from the tooth and PDL to the surrounding bone

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18
Q

What differentiates into fibroblasts to produce and organize collagen fibers in an oblique orientation to form the PDL?

A

Ectomesenchyme cells from the dental follicle

19
Q

What 3 types of collagen are present in the PDL?

A

Type I, III, XII

*typically ranges in width between .15 mm to .38 mm

20
Q

What is the main elastic fiber of the PDL?

A

Oxytalan (not elastin)

*Typically associated with vasculature

21
Q

Where are arteries found in the PDL?

A

loose connective tissue “bays” called interstitial areas tucked into the principal fiber bundles

22
Q

Sensing nociception and pressure, what are the 4 types of nerve endings?

A

1-Free nerve endings (most prevalent, nociceptive/mechanoreceptive, reaches cementum)
2-Ruffini’s Corpuscles (bulbous dendritic endings, slow mechanoreceptive associated with collagen)
3-Coiled nerve endings around mid-region (unknown function)
4-Spindle nerve endings surrounding fibrous capsule (unknown function)

23
Q

What are the 5 PDL fibers in cervical-apical order?

A

1-Alveolar crest group (CEJ to alveolar socket rim)
2-Horizontal group (cementum to alveolar socket)
3-Oblique group (most numerous, oblique angle from cementum most of the way down root)
4-Apical group (root apex to underlying bone)
5-Interradicular group (multi-rooted teeth, attach to interradicular septum)

24
Q

What are the 5 groups of Gingival ligaments?

A

1-Dentogingival group (most numerous, cervical cementum to lamina propria of free and attached gingiva)
2-Alveologingival group (alveolar crest to lamina propria)
3-Circular group (around the neck of the tooth)
4-Dentoperiosteal group (apically from cementum to periosteum of outer cortical plate)
5-Transseptal fibers (cementum over alveolar crest into cementum of adjacent tooth)

25
Q

Unmineralized cementum is called what?

A

Cementoid

26
Q

Cementum is roughly _____ % inorganic and ______ % organic

A

50, 50

27
Q

Where are the main inorganic and organic components of cementum?

A

Inorganic: Hydroxyapetite
Organic: 90% collagen type I, also some Type III and XII and other non collagenous proteins

28
Q

Where do cementoblasts originate from?

A

Dental follicle cells

*Either induced by HERS or Dentin, or HERS itself becomes cementoblasts

29
Q

At the Cementoenamel junction, _____% of the time there is an overlap, _____% they meet up and ______% there is a gap

A

60, 30, 10

30
Q

What are the two general subtypes of cementum?

A

1-Acellular (primary)

2-Cellular (secondary)

31
Q

What are the two collagen fiber origins for the cementum?

A

1-Extrinsic (from the PDL, come perpendicular)

2-Intrinsic (come from the cementoblasts, parallel)

32
Q

Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC) or Primary cementum covers what portion of the root?

A

Coronal 2/3

*Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC) or secondary cementum covers the apical 1/3

33
Q

What type of dentin is formed by cementoblast processes called a fibrous fringe?

A

AEFC (acellular extrinsic fiber cementum)

*after 15-20 um collagen synthesis stops and non-collagenous protein is produced to induce mineralization

34
Q

Collagen fibers from the developing PDL fibroblasts merge with the fibrous fringe and mineralize in place forming what?

A

Sharpeys fibers

35
Q

When cemetoblasts become entrapped in the advancing cementum and become cemtocytes, what is being formed?

A

CIFC (cellular intrinsic fiber cementum)

*inner cementoblasts are generally non-vital. Layering of AEFC and CIFC is also possible

36
Q

Which type of cementum has no cells inside, no cemented, slower deposition, more mineralized and functions to attach the PDL to cementum?

A

AEFC (acellular extrinsic fiber cementum)

37
Q

Which type of cementum is more laminar, encapsulates cells, has visible cementoid, is often absent in canines and incisors and functions to adapt and adjust for wear as well as some attachment?

A

CIFC

38
Q

Recently confirmed, what kind of cementum is between granular layer of tomes and dental cementum proper, has a high mineralization and may function to seal the surface of root dentin?

A

Intermediate cementum

39
Q

What kind of cementum has alternating layers of AEFC and CIFC, has both extrinsic and intrinsic fibers, and is generally located apically?

A

Mixed cementum

40
Q

The abnormal thickening of cementum that can result in ankylosis is called what?

A

hypercementosis

41
Q

What are the 5 main tooth movements?

A 
1-tipping
2-Bodily
3-Extrusive
4-Intrusive
5-Rotational
42
Q

What are 3 facts that determine the degree of the effect of applied force?

A

1-transduction (conversion of physical force into biological, cannot be controlled)
2-Time (can be controlled)
3-Magnitude (can be controlled)

43
Q

What are 4 net results of tooth movements?

A

1-Compression
2-Tension
3-Hyalinization (loss of cell activity and vascularity due to too great or rapid of a compression)
4-Undermining resorption (in conjugation with hyalinization usually on opposite surface of compressed bone)

Oral Biology II (13 decks)

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