Embryology Flashcards
Proliferation of ectomesenchyme on both sides of the nasal places result in the formation of what?
Medial and lateral nasal processes
Medial nasal processes merge with each other as well as the maxillary processes to form what?
Upper lip
Medial nasal processes merge to form what?
Primary palate
Maxillary processes come together to form what?
Secondary palate
Defective fusion of the medial nasal process with maxillary processes results in what?
Cleft lip
*80% are unilateral
Failure of the palatal shelves to fuse results in what?
Cleft palate
What is the minimal manifestation of cleft palate?
Bifid uvula
______% of developmental cases are CL+CP. ______% are only CP and ______% are CL
45, 30, 25
_______% of syndromic cases are CL+CP and _______% are cleft palate only
30, 50
*pierre robin sequence is one that has CP, Micrognathia and glossoptosis (downward displacement of tongue)
Lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes results in what?
Lateral facial cleft
Failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with the maxillary process results in what?
Oblique facial cleft
*upper lip to eye, almost always associated with CP
The rare failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes results in?
Median cleft of upper lip
What is the prevalence of orofacial clefts across races?
- Native american (1/250)
- Asians (1/300)
- Caucasians (1/700)
- African American (1/1500)
*CL+CP more in males. CPO more in females
The surface being intact but a defect in underlying musculature and bone causing a hard palate margin is called what?
Submucous palatal cleft
Paramedian pits are typical of what syndrome containing CL and CP as well?
Van der Woude syndrome
*2% of all CL and CP
An abnormally small tongue is called what?
Microglossia
Developmental tongue abnormality with a short, thick lingual frenum is called what?
Ankyloglossia
If the primitive thyroid gland does not descend normally and is found between the foramen cecum and epiglottis it is called what?
Lingual thyroid
Epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract can result in what?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
A lingual mandibular salivary gland found below the inferior alveolar canal showing as a radiolucency is called what?
Stafne defect
*no real treatment
Assymetric overgrowth of one or more body parts is called?
Hemihyperplasia
The premature closing of cranial sutures results in what?
Craniofacial dyostosis (crouzon syndrome)
Which syndrome is characterized by syndactyly digits, ocular proptosis, trapezoid shape to lips?
Apert syndrome
Defects of the 1st and 2nd branchial arches can result in underdeveloped mandibulofacial features and is called?
Treacher-collins syndrome
