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Oral Histo > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

components of the periodontium

A

cementum, PDL, bony socket, gingiva (sulcular and junctional)

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2
Q

attachment to tooth includes all of the periodontium except for

A

sulcular epithelium

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3
Q

describe the initiation of periodontal development

A

root dentinogenesis, HERS separates from the developing root, cells migrate from the follicle into their locations to differentiate (fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts)

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4
Q

what secretes its organic matrix first

A

cementoblasts and osteoblasts…primarily composed of type I collagen

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5
Q

cementoblast and osteoblast matrix formation is proceded by

A

PDL fibroblasts secreting their organic matrix

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6
Q

describe PDL development

A

as the PDL fibers are secreted they intermingle in the unmineralized matrices and then become trapped during mineralization. Fibers are added apically and change their orientation over time (oblique, horizontal, oblique)…ending with fibers embedded in the cementum are more coronal than those in the alveolar bone. Now they are more stable and can thicken after eruption.

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7
Q

the development of the root and periodontium occurs

A

from the CEJ to the root APEX

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8
Q

what is another name for the initial cementum matrix

A

fiber fringe…dense group of collagen fibers oriented at right angles to the DCJ..it extends into the unmineralized dentin matrix. longer as you go coronally bc they are more mature.

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9
Q

describe the formation of the root dentin

A

predentin extends b/w the future DCJ and the pulp at the advancing root edge. more coronally, root dentin starts to mineralize and separates 2 regions of dentin: on the outside, unmineralized dentin and on the pulp side, predentin. even more coronally, the fringe fibers are enclosed completely by mineralized dentin

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10
Q

primary cementum

A

first formed, acellular, coronal 2/3 of root. important in serving an attachment fn. more mineralized

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11
Q

secondary cementum

A

formed after at least half the root is formed…when emerging into the oral cavity, cellular, apical 2/3 of the root. overlies the primary cementum. deposited more rapidly. cementoblasts become trapped in the matrix and are now called cementocytes. less mineralized. more important in adaptation…thickens the most in response to occlusal forces

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12
Q

cementinogenesis

A

fiber fringe layed down first and embedded in unmineralized dentin. dentin mineralizes more coronally, then discrete foci of 1’ cementum start to mineralize. the mineralized foci start to coalesce= initial layer of cementum or acellular extrinsic fiber cementum.

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13
Q

why is 1’ cementum acellular

A

cementoblasts don’t get trapped in the ecm they are making, they retreat toward the future PDL

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14
Q

sulcular epithelium arises from

A

the embryonic oral epithelium

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15
Q

junctional epithelium arises from

A

the REE

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16
Q

the c.t components of the periodontium (PDL, bony sockey, and cementum) arise from

A

the precursor cells of the dental follicle

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17
Q

cellular origin of cementoblasts

A
  1. ectomesenchyme (NCC)
  2. epithelial/ectoderm/HERS
  3. both
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18
Q

support for dental follicle origin

A

follicle cells were able to be prompted to differentiate into a mineralized tissue that resembled cementum

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19
Q

support for origin of HERS

A

observed cell types in HERS are an intermediate b/w an epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype…HERS could potentially be transformed into cementoblasts

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20
Q

evidence for both

A

both cell types (from epithelium and ectomesenchymal) found in close proximity to where cementum was being secreted.

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21
Q

bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)

A

secreted growth factors, TGF superfamily, serves as an inducing signal that triggers cementoblast differentiation

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22
Q

runX

A

downstream from BMP, t.f, regulate the upregulation of the proteins that characterize differentiated cementoblasts

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23
Q

bone sialoprotein and osteopontin

A

secreted from cementoblasts at the same time the initial collagen matrix…may have something to do with cementum mineralization

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24
Q

Bone sialoprotein

A

has a particular AA sequence (arg, gly, asp) that binds to cell membranes and has a string of gluatmates that binds to HAP. might have something to do with CB adhesion to root dentin and triggering it’s mineralization

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25
3 fns of cementum
attachment of tooth to jaw, protection of root dentin, adaptation to forces
26
composition of cementum
45-50% organic (type I, 90 and type III collagen,1 , non-c proteins, ground substance) 50-55% inorganic (HAP)
27
is cementum vascularized
no
28
does cementum remodel
no
29
is cementum secreted throughout life
yes...but not normally resorbed...3X increase b/w ages 16-70
30
width of cementum
thinnest at CEJ, thickest at apex...so CEJ more vulnerable
31
acellular extrinsic fiber cementum
organic matrix of cementum is secreted by the cells and they don't get trapped in the cementum. composed of many sharpeys fibers. fibers oriented at right angles to the cementum surface
32
sharpeys fibers
mineralized ends of PDL fibers w/in the cementum
33
canines and incisors often are composed only of
acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC)
34
cellular intrinsic fiber cementum
secondary cementum. collagen fibers oriented parallel to the surface of the cementum with no connection of the PDL. cementoblasts that secreted the matrix become trapped=cementocytes
35
mixed fiber cementum
bulk of secondary cementum. 2 types of fibers, some intrinsic and some extrinsic. secreted after and more slowly than the initial wave of secondary cementum.
36
where is mixed fiber cementum more prominent
apically and interradicular region of multi-rooted teeth
37
tome's granular layer
hypomineralized regions of mantle dentin in the root
38
cementocytes
trapped cementoblasts. no longer involved in synthesizing cementum
39
changes in cementum deposition can be caused by:
1. environmental factors 2. attrition in the crowns (more) 3. periodontal disease with inflammation (more)
40
continued deposition of cementum can cause
the size of the apical foramen to become smaller
41
cementoid
cementum directly adj to the cementoblasts (in the PDL) that is unmineralized. usually associated with cellular cementum
42
what causes growth lines in cementum
idiocyncratic variations in the degree of calcification as cementum is deposited over time
43
hypercementosis
very large amounts of cementum are deposited around the root. can cause difficulties during procedures. irritation of gingiva, gingival recession. radio-opacities around roots.
44
PDL defined
soft c.t. large, highly organized bundles of collagen fibers that have ends embedded in cementum and bone. very thin. gets thinner w/ age
45
fns of the PDL
attachment, ligament
46
cells in the PDL
fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, epithelial rests of mallasez, immune cells, mesenchymal cells
47
fibroblasts
secrete and degrade collagen, larger in the PDL (more active). most prominent in the central part of the ligament
48
cell-cell contacts of fibroblasts in the PDL
desmosomes and gap jns (synchronize collagen secretion).
49
jns with ECM to fibroblasts in the PDL
fibronexus...ecm fibronectin involved
50
importance of the jns b/w the PDL fibroblasts and the collagen of the ecm
occlusal forces that impinge on the ecm and the interior of the cell...react to forces by increasing/decreasing the production of collagen, modify the orientation of the fibroblast processes to orient the collagen fiber bundles of the PDL so that they align with the axis of strain in the ecm
51
all jns from the fibroblasts to the ecm attach to the
actin cytoskeleton in the fibroblast and interact with the collagen of the ecm (single transmembrane of complex)
52
when the PDL is inflamed
epithelial rest cells of mallasez can proliferate and form cysts
53
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the PDL
lie close to b.v, give rise to new fibroblasts,cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. maintan the viability of the periodontium
54
ecm of the PDL is composed of
collagen I and III (80:20), immature elastic fibers (oxytalin fibers) at right angles to the collagen, ground substance (PGs and GAGs and glycoproteins)
55
glycoprotein of the ecm of the PDL
fibronectin
56
cementicle
spherical calcified mass in the PDL
57
princible fiber groups of the PDL
organized collagen fiber bundles that act to attach the cementum to the adj alveolar bond
58
name the different fiber bundles of the PDL
1. alveolar crest 2. horizontal group 3. oblique 4. apical 5. interradicular
59
alveolar crest fibers
cementum to top of alveolar bone
60
horizontal group
cementum to alveolar bone below the top
61
oblique fibers
most numerous, cementum to bond in oblique direction (more apical on cementum)
62
apical fibers
apex of tooth to bone socket
63
interradicular fibers
in multi-rooted teeth...b/w cementum and interradicular septum of bond
64
gingival ligament
nearby group of collagen fibers including the transeptal ligament which connects the cementum of tooth into that on the adj tooth
65
main vascular supply to the PDL is from the
inferior alveolar artery and the superior alveolar artery (and gingival arteries)
66
routes to the PDL
foramina in bone...perforating arteries travel through. or accessory b.v branching off near the apical foramina
67
which arteries are less affected by endodontic procedures
perforating arteries
68
PDL innervation fibers
large Ab, Adelta, C fibers
69
what sensation is percieved in the PDL
proprioceptive and pain
70
what carries proprioception
Abeta...levels and direction of force
71
pain signals carried by
Adelta and C fibers
72
large Abeta fibers
perceive proprioception, highly sensitive, code for the AMOUNT AND DIRECTION of force, regulate chewing and localize stimuli
73
each nerve fiber of the PDL responds optimally to...
a different direction of force....allows us to sense different directions
74
dividing line b/w the alveolar process and the body of the maxilla and mandible is
just apical to the roots of the teeth
75
basal bone is what
bone just apical to the alveolar process
76
the alveolar process includes
1. outer cortical plate 2. central spongy region 3. bone lining the socket
77
bundle bone
contains PDL fibers
78
cribiform plate
foramina
79
lamina dura
thin and strong
80
bone lining the socket develops from the
dental follicle

Oral Histo (12 decks)

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