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Oral Histo > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

components of the periodontium

A

cementum, PDL, bony socket, gingiva (sulcular and junctional)

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2
Q

attachment to tooth includes all of the periodontium except for

A

sulcular epithelium

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3
Q

describe the initiation of periodontal development

A

root dentinogenesis, HERS separates from the developing root, cells migrate from the follicle into their locations to differentiate (fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts)

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4
Q

what secretes its organic matrix first

A

cementoblasts and osteoblasts…primarily composed of type I collagen

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5
Q

cementoblast and osteoblast matrix formation is proceded by

A

PDL fibroblasts secreting their organic matrix

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6
Q

describe PDL development

A

as the PDL fibers are secreted they intermingle in the unmineralized matrices and then become trapped during mineralization. Fibers are added apically and change their orientation over time (oblique, horizontal, oblique)…ending with fibers embedded in the cementum are more coronal than those in the alveolar bone. Now they are more stable and can thicken after eruption.

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7
Q

the development of the root and periodontium occurs

A

from the CEJ to the root APEX

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8
Q

what is another name for the initial cementum matrix

A

fiber fringe…dense group of collagen fibers oriented at right angles to the DCJ..it extends into the unmineralized dentin matrix. longer as you go coronally bc they are more mature.

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9
Q

describe the formation of the root dentin

A

predentin extends b/w the future DCJ and the pulp at the advancing root edge. more coronally, root dentin starts to mineralize and separates 2 regions of dentin: on the outside, unmineralized dentin and on the pulp side, predentin. even more coronally, the fringe fibers are enclosed completely by mineralized dentin

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10
Q

primary cementum

A

first formed, acellular, coronal 2/3 of root. important in serving an attachment fn. more mineralized

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11
Q

secondary cementum

A

formed after at least half the root is formed…when emerging into the oral cavity, cellular, apical 2/3 of the root. overlies the primary cementum. deposited more rapidly. cementoblasts become trapped in the matrix and are now called cementocytes. less mineralized. more important in adaptation…thickens the most in response to occlusal forces

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12
Q

cementinogenesis

A

fiber fringe layed down first and embedded in unmineralized dentin. dentin mineralizes more coronally, then discrete foci of 1’ cementum start to mineralize. the mineralized foci start to coalesce= initial layer of cementum or acellular extrinsic fiber cementum.

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13
Q

why is 1’ cementum acellular

A

cementoblasts don’t get trapped in the ecm they are making, they retreat toward the future PDL

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14
Q

sulcular epithelium arises from

A

the embryonic oral epithelium

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15
Q

junctional epithelium arises from

A

the REE

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16
Q

the c.t components of the periodontium (PDL, bony sockey, and cementum) arise from

A

the precursor cells of the dental follicle

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17
Q

cellular origin of cementoblasts

A
  1. ectomesenchyme (NCC)
  2. epithelial/ectoderm/HERS
  3. both
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18
Q

support for dental follicle origin

A

follicle cells were able to be prompted to differentiate into a mineralized tissue that resembled cementum

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19
Q

support for origin of HERS

A

observed cell types in HERS are an intermediate b/w an epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype…HERS could potentially be transformed into cementoblasts

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20
Q

evidence for both

A

both cell types (from epithelium and ectomesenchymal) found in close proximity to where cementum was being secreted.

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21
Q

bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)

A

secreted growth factors, TGF superfamily, serves as an inducing signal that triggers cementoblast differentiation

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22
Q

runX

A

downstream from BMP, t.f, regulate the upregulation of the proteins that characterize differentiated cementoblasts

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23
Q

bone sialoprotein and osteopontin

A

secreted from cementoblasts at the same time the initial collagen matrix…may have something to do with cementum mineralization

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24
Q

Bone sialoprotein

A

has a particular AA sequence (arg, gly, asp) that binds to cell membranes and has a string of gluatmates that binds to HAP. might have something to do with CB adhesion to root dentin and triggering it’s mineralization

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25
Q

3 fns of cementum

A

attachment of tooth to jaw, protection of root dentin, adaptation to forces

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26
Q

composition of cementum

A

45-50% organic (type I, 90 and type III collagen,1 , non-c proteins, ground substance)
50-55% inorganic (HAP)

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27
Q

is cementum vascularized

A

no

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28
Q

does cementum remodel

A

no

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29
Q

is cementum secreted throughout life

A

yes…but not normally resorbed…3X increase b/w ages 16-70

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30
Q

width of cementum

A

thinnest at CEJ, thickest at apex…so CEJ more vulnerable

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31
Q

acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

A

organic matrix of cementum is secreted by the cells and they don’t get trapped in the cementum. composed of many sharpeys fibers. fibers oriented at right angles to the cementum surface

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32
Q

sharpeys fibers

A

mineralized ends of PDL fibers w/in the cementum

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33
Q

canines and incisors often are composed only of

A

acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC)

34
Q

cellular intrinsic fiber cementum

A

secondary cementum. collagen fibers oriented parallel to the surface of the cementum with no connection of the PDL. cementoblasts that secreted the matrix become trapped=cementocytes

35
Q

mixed fiber cementum

A

bulk of secondary cementum. 2 types of fibers, some intrinsic and some extrinsic. secreted after and more slowly than the initial wave of secondary cementum.

36
Q

where is mixed fiber cementum more prominent

A

apically and interradicular region of multi-rooted teeth

37
Q

tome’s granular layer

A

hypomineralized regions of mantle dentin in the root

38
Q

cementocytes

A

trapped cementoblasts. no longer involved in synthesizing cementum

39
Q

changes in cementum deposition can be caused by:

A
  1. environmental factors
  2. attrition in the crowns (more)
  3. periodontal disease with inflammation (more)
40
Q

continued deposition of cementum can cause

A

the size of the apical foramen to become smaller

41
Q

cementoid

A

cementum directly adj to the cementoblasts (in the PDL) that is unmineralized. usually associated with cellular cementum

42
Q

what causes growth lines in cementum

A

idiocyncratic variations in the degree of calcification as cementum is deposited over time

43
Q

hypercementosis

A

very large amounts of cementum are deposited around the root. can cause difficulties during procedures. irritation of gingiva, gingival recession. radio-opacities around roots.

44
Q

PDL defined

A

soft c.t. large, highly organized bundles of collagen fibers that have ends embedded in cementum and bone. very thin. gets thinner w/ age

45
Q

fns of the PDL

A

attachment, ligament

46
Q

cells in the PDL

A

fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, epithelial rests of mallasez, immune cells, mesenchymal cells

47
Q

fibroblasts

A

secrete and degrade collagen, larger in the PDL (more active). most prominent in the central part of the ligament

48
Q

cell-cell contacts of fibroblasts in the PDL

A

desmosomes and gap jns (synchronize collagen secretion).

49
Q

jns with ECM to fibroblasts in the PDL

A

fibronexus…ecm fibronectin involved

50
Q

importance of the jns b/w the PDL fibroblasts and the collagen of the ecm

A

occlusal forces that impinge on the ecm and the interior of the cell…react to forces by increasing/decreasing the production of collagen, modify the orientation of the fibroblast processes to orient the collagen fiber bundles of the PDL so that they align with the axis of strain in the ecm

51
Q

all jns from the fibroblasts to the ecm attach to the

A

actin cytoskeleton in the fibroblast and interact with the collagen of the ecm (single transmembrane of complex)

52
Q

when the PDL is inflamed

A

epithelial rest cells of mallasez can proliferate and form cysts

53
Q

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the PDL

A

lie close to b.v, give rise to new fibroblasts,cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. maintan the viability of the periodontium

54
Q

ecm of the PDL is composed of

A

collagen I and III (80:20), immature elastic fibers (oxytalin fibers) at right angles to the collagen, ground substance (PGs and GAGs and glycoproteins)

55
Q

glycoprotein of the ecm of the PDL

A

fibronectin

56
Q

cementicle

A

spherical calcified mass in the PDL

57
Q

princible fiber groups of the PDL

A

organized collagen fiber bundles that act to attach the cementum to the adj alveolar bond

58
Q

name the different fiber bundles of the PDL

A
  1. alveolar crest
  2. horizontal group
  3. oblique
  4. apical
  5. interradicular
59
Q

alveolar crest fibers

A

cementum to top of alveolar bone

60
Q

horizontal group

A

cementum to alveolar bone below the top

61
Q

oblique fibers

A

most numerous, cementum to bond in oblique direction (more apical on cementum)

62
Q

apical fibers

A

apex of tooth to bone socket

63
Q

interradicular fibers

A

in multi-rooted teeth…b/w cementum and interradicular septum of bond

64
Q

gingival ligament

A

nearby group of collagen fibers including the transeptal ligament which connects the cementum of tooth into that on the adj tooth

65
Q

main vascular supply to the PDL is from the

A

inferior alveolar artery and the superior alveolar artery (and gingival arteries)

66
Q

routes to the PDL

A

foramina in bone…perforating arteries travel through. or accessory b.v branching off near the apical foramina

67
Q

which arteries are less affected by endodontic procedures

A

perforating arteries

68
Q

PDL innervation fibers

A

large Ab, Adelta, C fibers

69
Q

what sensation is percieved in the PDL

A

proprioceptive and pain

70
Q

what carries proprioception

A

Abeta…levels and direction of force

71
Q

pain signals carried by

A

Adelta and C fibers

72
Q

large Abeta fibers

A

perceive proprioception, highly sensitive, code for the AMOUNT AND DIRECTION of force, regulate chewing and localize stimuli

73
Q

each nerve fiber of the PDL responds optimally to…

A

a different direction of force….allows us to sense different directions

74
Q

dividing line b/w the alveolar process and the body of the maxilla and mandible is

A

just apical to the roots of the teeth

75
Q

basal bone is what

A

bone just apical to the alveolar process

76
Q

the alveolar process includes

A
  1. outer cortical plate
  2. central spongy region
  3. bone lining the socket
77
Q

bundle bone

A

contains PDL fibers

78
Q

cribiform plate

A

foramina

79
Q

lamina dura

A

thin and strong

80
Q

bone lining the socket develops from the

A

dental follicle

Oral Histo (12 decks)

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