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Oral mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

mucous membrane is composed of

A
  1. epithelium

2. c.t (lamina propria…sometimes mucosa)

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2
Q

b.v, minor salivary glands, and ducts for all salivary glands can be found within the

A

l.p or submucosa

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3
Q

lymphoid tissue

A

is also found embedded in the oral mucoa via the lingual and palatine tonsils (pos 1/3 of tongue)

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4
Q

what are the fns of the mucosa

A
  1. protection as it acts as a barrier (epithelium>b.l)
  2. anti-microbial (immune cells and epithelial cells that secrete antimicrobials)
  3. ingestion (flexible, moist surface)
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5
Q

where are more immune cells found in the mucosa

A

l.p> epithelium

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6
Q

that is beta defensin

A

an antimicrobial secreted by the epithelial cells. it is cysteine rich and cationic (+) so able to bind to the (-) charges on bacterial membranes and permeabilize them

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7
Q

is the oral mucosa highly innervated

A

yes

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8
Q

why does the oral mucosa differ from the pulp and PDL

A

capable of more types of sensations

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9
Q

what nerve fibers does the dentin/pulp have

A

c, a-delta, a-beta…for mostly pain!

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10
Q

what nerve fibers does the PDL have

A

c, a-delta for pain…..a-beta for proprioception

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11
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect touch

A

a-beta

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12
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect pain

A

a-delta and c

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13
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect thermal

A

a-delta and c

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14
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect taste

A

a-delta

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15
Q

what is oral epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

what are the deep layers of epithelium for

A

cell division for self renewal…has a very fast turnover (makes it more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division bc it is so reliant on it)

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17
Q

what are the superficial layers of epithelium for

A

migrate and mature and at the surface, slough off

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18
Q

what is the epithelium of the mucosa made up of

A

mostly: cells (keratinocytes mostly and the non-keratinocytes such as merkel, melanocytes, and langerhans cells)

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19
Q

what are merkel cells

A

non-keratinocytes, sensory, found in the basal layer

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20
Q

what are melanocytes

A

non keratinocytes, pigment cells, found in the basal layer. contain melanosomes. have cell processes to distribute the pigment to other cells and ecm of epi.

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21
Q

what are langerhans cells

A

dendritic cells for immune fn, found in the supra basal layer

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22
Q

why do langerhans and melanocytes appear clear

A

lack of cytokeratin staining

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23
Q

alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and soft palate

A

non-keratinized (darker)

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24
Q

gingiva and hard palate

A

keratinized (lighter)

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25
keratinized epithelium layers
1. keratin layer 2. granular layer 3. prickle cell layer 4. basal cell layer
26
non keratinized epithelium layers
1. superficial layer 2. intermediate later 3. prickle cells layer 4. basal cell layer
27
keratin layer vs. superficial layer
keratin has no organelles and is dehydrated which makes it tougher. the superficial layer has organells and is flexible
28
keratinocytes contain
cytokeratins
29
cytokeratins are
family of proteins. assemble into intermediate filaments (strongest) (framework). 2 types: type 1 (acidic), type 2 (basic). tough and provide support. create the intracellular component of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.
30
structure of cytokeratins
central helical core. each cell expresses at least 2 cytokeratins (one of each type (1 or 2)). their monomers assemble into heterodimer and 10 heterodimers (wound together) is an intermediate filament
31
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
mutation in basal layer cytokeratins
32
different epithelial layers contain
characteristic cytokeratins
33
different epithelial tissues contain (keratinized vs non)
characteristic cytokeratins
34
can cytokeratin expression change with disease state
yes
35
white sponge nevus
mutations in particular cytokeratin genes that are in non-k tissue...so this only affects non-k oral epithelia
36
what is tougher, non-k or k
k ...largely due to the amount of cytokeratin
37
what is more flexible, non-k or k
non-k
38
what is more impermeable, non-k or k
k....desmosomes contribute and are more numerous in keratinized epithelia
39
the amount of cytokeratin increase as you go
more superficially
40
cytokeratins in keratinized tissue
promotes aggregation of cytokeratins-->tonofibrils....this promotes binding to another molecule, fillagrin....the superficial layer of k tissue is pack with cytokeratin/tonofibril-fillagrin complexes
41
cytokeratins in non-k tissue
doesnt promote aggregation, doesn't complex with fillagrin, superficial layers not dehydrated (contains ctyokeratin tonofilaments, and nuclei)
42
what are membrane coating granules
membrane bound organelles that are filled with glycolipids. they first appear in the upper prickle cell layer and then are released into more superficial layers to coat the cells. in both k and non-k epithelia. act as INTERCELLULAR barrier to aqueous substances
43
differences in chemical composition of membrane coating granules/secretions, which epithelia has a more effective barrier against aqueous substances
keratinized epithelium
44
membrane thickening
occurs on the inner face of keratinocytes in k and non-k epithelium
45
cornified envelope
only in k epithelia. 15nm crosslinked protein sheath. loricrin and other proteins. impermeable barrier to protect stuff from passing through.
46
parakeratinized tissue
midway b/w non-k and k tissue....some organelles retained in superficial layers
47
what makes up the l.p of the mucosa
ECM (mostly), cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, other inflamm cell), ecm
48
the ecm of the l.p contains
PGs and GAGs, glycoproteins (fibronectin), collagen (type I and II), elastin (more prominent in oral mucosa than in pulp/PDL)
49
the relative amount of type I: type III collagen is greater for
less flexible regions of the oral cavity
50
the epithelial-c.t interface
basal lamina in b/w, convoluted....epithelial rete pegs inserted within the c.t papillae (papillary layer interacts with rete pegs and reticular layer of l.p is below)
51
what causes stippling of the gingiva
rete pegs and c.t papillae
52
submucosa
present under some regions of the oral mucosa. contains b.v, nerves, glands. separates l.p from bone and muscle
53
no submucosa where
l.p-->muscle of tongue......l.p--> bone/mucoperiosteum of the gingiva/hard palate/rugae region/median raphe
54
masticatory mucosa is found
gingiva, hard palate
55
lining mucosa is found
underside of tongue, floor of mouth, alveolar mucosa, soft palate, cheek
56
lining mucosa is
non-k/p-k epithelium, more elastin/less collagen, submucosa usually present, attachement to bone or muscle loose and flexible
57
clinical implications with lining mucosa
incisions more likely to gape and need sutures, injections less painful
58
tongue mucosas
ventral= lining, dorsal=specialized
59
lip mucosa
1. exterior: keratinized, thin, sweat glands and hair follicles 2. vermillon zone: keratinized, thin, b.v close, no sweat/mucous glands 3. labial: non-k, thicker, mucous glands
60
masticatory mucosa
keratinized, dense l.p, more collagen/less elastin, submucosa in hard palate variable, not in rugae/minline raphe, adj to gingiva or in gingiva
61
mucoperiosteum
when submucosa isnt present
62
clinical implications with masticatory mucosa
incisions don't gape, injections more painful
63
sulcular epithelium
part of free gingiva facing the tooth, non-k
64
jn epithelium
forms seal with hard tooth tissue, oriented on long axis, tapers in cell #, straight b.m, non-differentiated cells, not many tonofilaments, desmosomes, not any membrane coating granules, HIGHLY PERMEABLE, 2 basal lamina, can rapidly regenerate
65
what are the 2 basal lamina of the jn epithelium
external (JE/l.p): has typical molecular components | internal (JE/tooth): has integrin and laminin but LACK type IV and VII collagen
66
ODAM
protein initially expressed with ameloblasts and now the JE expresses it since common origin (REE)
67
vascular supply of gingiva in mandible
superior alveolar a and palatine a
68
vascular supply of gingiva in the maxilla
inferior alveolar a, buccal a, mental a, sublingual a
69
what are the 3 routes that vascular supply can get to the gingiva
1. PDL 2. interdental septa 3. oral mucosa

Oral Histo (12 decks)

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