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Oral Histo > Oral mucosa > Flashcards

Oral mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

mucous membrane is composed of

A
  1. epithelium

2. c.t (lamina propria…sometimes mucosa)

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2
Q

b.v, minor salivary glands, and ducts for all salivary glands can be found within the

A

l.p or submucosa

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3
Q

lymphoid tissue

A

is also found embedded in the oral mucoa via the lingual and palatine tonsils (pos 1/3 of tongue)

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4
Q

what are the fns of the mucosa

A
  1. protection as it acts as a barrier (epithelium>b.l)
  2. anti-microbial (immune cells and epithelial cells that secrete antimicrobials)
  3. ingestion (flexible, moist surface)
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5
Q

where are more immune cells found in the mucosa

A

l.p> epithelium

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6
Q

that is beta defensin

A

an antimicrobial secreted by the epithelial cells. it is cysteine rich and cationic (+) so able to bind to the (-) charges on bacterial membranes and permeabilize them

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7
Q

is the oral mucosa highly innervated

A

yes

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8
Q

why does the oral mucosa differ from the pulp and PDL

A

capable of more types of sensations

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9
Q

what nerve fibers does the dentin/pulp have

A

c, a-delta, a-beta…for mostly pain!

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10
Q

what nerve fibers does the PDL have

A

c, a-delta for pain…..a-beta for proprioception

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11
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect touch

A

a-beta

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12
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect pain

A

a-delta and c

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13
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect thermal

A

a-delta and c

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14
Q

what fibers of the oral mucosa detect taste

A

a-delta

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15
Q

what is oral epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

what are the deep layers of epithelium for

A

cell division for self renewal…has a very fast turnover (makes it more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division bc it is so reliant on it)

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17
Q

what are the superficial layers of epithelium for

A

migrate and mature and at the surface, slough off

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18
Q

what is the epithelium of the mucosa made up of

A

mostly: cells (keratinocytes mostly and the non-keratinocytes such as merkel, melanocytes, and langerhans cells)

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19
Q

what are merkel cells

A

non-keratinocytes, sensory, found in the basal layer

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20
Q

what are melanocytes

A

non keratinocytes, pigment cells, found in the basal layer. contain melanosomes. have cell processes to distribute the pigment to other cells and ecm of epi.

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21
Q

what are langerhans cells

A

dendritic cells for immune fn, found in the supra basal layer

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22
Q

why do langerhans and melanocytes appear clear

A

lack of cytokeratin staining

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23
Q

alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and soft palate

A

non-keratinized (darker)

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24
Q

gingiva and hard palate

A

keratinized (lighter)

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25
Q

keratinized epithelium layers

A
  1. keratin layer
  2. granular layer
  3. prickle cell layer
  4. basal cell layer
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26
Q

non keratinized epithelium layers

A
  1. superficial layer
  2. intermediate later
  3. prickle cells layer
  4. basal cell layer
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27
Q

keratin layer vs. superficial layer

A

keratin has no organelles and is dehydrated which makes it tougher. the superficial layer has organells and is flexible

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28
Q

keratinocytes contain

A

cytokeratins

29
Q

cytokeratins are

A

family of proteins. assemble into intermediate filaments (strongest) (framework). 2 types: type 1 (acidic), type 2 (basic). tough and provide support. create the intracellular component of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.

30
Q

structure of cytokeratins

A

central helical core. each cell expresses at least 2 cytokeratins (one of each type (1 or 2)). their monomers assemble into heterodimer and 10 heterodimers (wound together) is an intermediate filament

31
Q

epidermolysis bullosa simplex

A

mutation in basal layer cytokeratins

32
Q

different epithelial layers contain

A

characteristic cytokeratins

33
Q

different epithelial tissues contain (keratinized vs non)

A

characteristic cytokeratins

34
Q

can cytokeratin expression change with disease state

A

yes

35
Q

white sponge nevus

A

mutations in particular cytokeratin genes that are in non-k tissue…so this only affects non-k oral epithelia

36
Q

what is tougher, non-k or k

A

k …largely due to the amount of cytokeratin

37
Q

what is more flexible, non-k or k

A

non-k

38
Q

what is more impermeable, non-k or k

A

k….desmosomes contribute and are more numerous in keratinized epithelia

39
Q

the amount of cytokeratin increase as you go

A

more superficially

40
Q

cytokeratins in keratinized tissue

A

promotes aggregation of cytokeratins–>tonofibrils….this promotes binding to another molecule, fillagrin….the superficial layer of k tissue is pack with cytokeratin/tonofibril-fillagrin complexes

41
Q

cytokeratins in non-k tissue

A

doesnt promote aggregation, doesn’t complex with fillagrin, superficial layers not dehydrated (contains ctyokeratin tonofilaments, and nuclei)

42
Q

what are membrane coating granules

A

membrane bound organelles that are filled with glycolipids. they first appear in the upper prickle cell layer and then are released into more superficial layers to coat the cells. in both k and non-k epithelia. act as INTERCELLULAR barrier to aqueous substances

43
Q

differences in chemical composition of membrane coating granules/secretions, which epithelia has a more effective barrier against aqueous substances

A

keratinized epithelium

44
Q

membrane thickening

A

occurs on the inner face of keratinocytes in k and non-k epithelium

45
Q

cornified envelope

A

only in k epithelia. 15nm crosslinked protein sheath. loricrin and other proteins. impermeable barrier to protect stuff from passing through.

46
Q

parakeratinized tissue

A

midway b/w non-k and k tissue….some organelles retained in superficial layers

47
Q

what makes up the l.p of the mucosa

A

ECM (mostly), cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, other inflamm cell), ecm

48
Q

the ecm of the l.p contains

A

PGs and GAGs, glycoproteins (fibronectin), collagen (type I and II), elastin (more prominent in oral mucosa than in pulp/PDL)

49
Q

the relative amount of type I: type III collagen is greater for

A

less flexible regions of the oral cavity

50
Q

the epithelial-c.t interface

A

basal lamina in b/w, convoluted….epithelial rete pegs inserted within the c.t papillae (papillary layer interacts with rete pegs and reticular layer of l.p is below)

51
Q

what causes stippling of the gingiva

A

rete pegs and c.t papillae

52
Q

submucosa

A

present under some regions of the oral mucosa. contains b.v, nerves, glands. separates l.p from bone and muscle

53
Q

no submucosa where

A

l.p–>muscle of tongue……l.p–> bone/mucoperiosteum of the gingiva/hard palate/rugae region/median raphe

54
Q

masticatory mucosa is found

A

gingiva, hard palate

55
Q

lining mucosa is found

A

underside of tongue, floor of mouth, alveolar mucosa, soft palate, cheek

56
Q

lining mucosa is

A

non-k/p-k epithelium, more elastin/less collagen, submucosa usually present, attachement to bone or muscle loose and flexible

57
Q

clinical implications with lining mucosa

A

incisions more likely to gape and need sutures, injections less painful

58
Q

tongue mucosas

A

ventral= lining, dorsal=specialized

59
Q

lip mucosa

A
  1. exterior: keratinized, thin, sweat glands and hair follicles
  2. vermillon zone: keratinized, thin, b.v close, no sweat/mucous glands
  3. labial: non-k, thicker, mucous glands
60
Q

masticatory mucosa

A

keratinized, dense l.p, more collagen/less elastin, submucosa in hard palate variable, not in rugae/minline raphe, adj to gingiva or in gingiva

61
Q

mucoperiosteum

A

when submucosa isnt present

62
Q

clinical implications with masticatory mucosa

A

incisions don’t gape, injections more painful

63
Q

sulcular epithelium

A

part of free gingiva facing the tooth, non-k

64
Q

jn epithelium

A

forms seal with hard tooth tissue, oriented on long axis, tapers in cell #, straight b.m, non-differentiated cells, not many tonofilaments, desmosomes, not any membrane coating granules, HIGHLY PERMEABLE, 2 basal lamina, can rapidly regenerate

65
Q

what are the 2 basal lamina of the jn epithelium

A

external (JE/l.p): has typical molecular components

internal (JE/tooth): has integrin and laminin but LACK type IV and VII collagen

66
Q

ODAM

A

protein initially expressed with ameloblasts and now the JE expresses it since common origin (REE)

67
Q

vascular supply of gingiva in mandible

A

superior alveolar a and palatine a

68
Q

vascular supply of gingiva in the maxilla

A

inferior alveolar a, buccal a, mental a, sublingual a

69
Q

what are the 3 routes that vascular supply can get to the gingiva

A
  1. PDL
  2. interdental septa
  3. oral mucosa

Oral Histo (12 decks)

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