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2 - Oral Biology (Head And Neck Anatomy) > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the periodontium?

A
  • retain tooth in socket
  • resist masticatory loads
  • defensive barrier, protecting tissues against threats from oral environment
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2
Q

What is the periodontium composed of?

A

Cementum
Gingiva
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament

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3
Q

What is unique about the periodontium?

A

The only breach in the body’s surface is where the teeth pass through the oral epithelium

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4
Q

What is the junctional epithelium?

A

A physical barrier separating the body tissues from the oral environment

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5
Q

What are periodontal diseases divided into?

A

Diseases of the gingiva alone
Diseases of all the periodontal tissues

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6
Q

What are periodontal diseases divided into?

A

Diseases of the gingiva alone
Diseases of all the periodontal tissues

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7
Q

What are properties of cementum?

A

Covers root dentine
Similar in structure to bone
-Collagen matrix
-Lamellar arrangement
Provides attachment for some periodontal fibres
Laid down by cementocytes

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8
Q

What are the two types of cementum?

A

Acellular
Cellular

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9
Q

What are the properties of acellular cementum/extrinsic fibre?

A

No cells
Usually adjacent to dentine
First formed (primary cementum)
Contain collagen fibres from PDL (sharpeys fibres)
Present on cervical 2/3 of root

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10
Q

What are the properties of cellular cementum/intrinsic fibre?

A

Contains cementocytes
Later formed (secondary cementum)
Present in the apical part of the root and in furcation regions
Normal collagen fibres present
No role in tooth attachment
May represent a transitional form

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11
Q

What are the properties of the alveolar bone?

A

Similar to bone elsewhere in the body
Cortical (compact) plate forms inner lining of tooth socket
Inner cancellous bone containing marrow
Provides attachment for PDL fibres (sharpeys)
Has nutrient canals (volkmanns)
Supports the tooth

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12
Q

What happens to alveolar bone when teeth are lost?

A

Alveolar process is resorbed leaving a residual ridge

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13
Q

What part of the alveolar bone shows in radiographs?

A

Lamina dura

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14
Q

What perforates the inner cortical bone?

A

Nutrient Formina

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15
Q

What type of tissue is the PDL?

A

Fibrous connective tissue (derived from dental follicle)

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16
Q

What does the PDL contain?

A

Cells
Extracellular Matrix
Fibres
Nerves
Blood vessels

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17
Q

What is the ground substance of PDL made of and how does it behave?

A

Hyaluronate GAGs
Glycoproteins (fibronectin)
Proteoglycans (proteodermatan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, chondritin sulphate)

Behaves as a viscoelastic gel

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18
Q

What cells are present in PDL?

A

Fibroblasts
Cementoblasts
Osteoclasts and cementoclasts
Immune cells
Debris of malassez (epithelial cells)

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19
Q

What sensory nerves are present in the PDL?

A

Mechanoreceptors (a- beta, a- delta fibres)
Nociceptors (a-delta, C fibres)

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20
Q

What are the qualities of the mechanoreceptors?

A

Rapidly or slowly adapting
Proprioception; chewing control

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21
Q

What are the qualities of the nociceptors?

A

Protective reflexes; inhibit jaw elevator motor neurones

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22
Q

What are the autonomic nerves of the PDL

A

Sympathetic
For blood vessel control -vasoconstriction

23
Q

What is the blood supply of the PDL?

A

Inferior/ superior alveolar arteries passing into PDL from alveolar bone
Lingual and palatine arteries supplying gingivae

24
Q

What are the two types of PDL fibres?

A

True PDL fibres
Gingival ligament fibres

25
Q

What are the true fibres?

A

Fibres connecting tooth to bone at or apical to alveolar crest

26
Q

What are the gingival fibres?

A

Fibres mainly above the alveolar crest including free gingival fibres

27
Q

What is the role of the PDL?

A

Attaches tooth to jaw
Transmits biting forces to alveolar bone
Organised regular connected tissue

28
Q

What is the width of the PDL?

A

0.2mm

29
Q

What are the fibres present in PDL

A

Collagen (types 1 and 3)
Oxytalan

30
Q

What is the role of each fibres?

A

Collagen = principal fibres found in true periodontal ligament, support tooth in load bearing
Oxytalan = present in human PDL, function is uncertain

31
Q

What are the fibre groups found in the alveolo-dental ligament? (In the tooth)

A

Alveolar crest
Horizontal
Oblique
Apical
Inter radicular (between roots of tooth)

32
Q

What are fibres found in the interdental ligament (between teeth)?

A

Transseptal

33
Q

What are the fibres found in the gingiva and where are the present?

A

Support the free gingiva
Present in lamina propria in marginal gingiva
-dento-gingival
-alveolo-gingival
-dentó-periosteal
-circular

34
Q

What is the crevicular epithelium (oral sulcular epithelium)?

A

Epithelium that covers the sulcus. It is not attached to enamel (between the junctional epithelium and the gingival epithelium)

35
Q

What is the junctional epithelium?

A

Epithelium that is attached to the enamel/tooth

36
Q

What is the enamel cuticle?

A

Demineralised coating of enamel. Covers tooth once it has erupted by is worn away by mastication and cleaning

37
Q

What are the histológicas features of the junctional epithelium?

A

Has gap junctions, hemidesmosomes, desmosomes
Has two basal laminas - one near the enamel, one near the lamina propria

38
Q

What is the inter-dental col?

A

Non keratinised epithelium that in the Inter proximal valley between two teeth

39
Q

What forces is the PDL subjected to?

A

Mastication
Swallowing
Speech
Para function (clenching, grinding)

40
Q

What are horizontal, extrusive forces that the PDL is rarely subjected to?

A

Sticky foods
Orthodontic forces

41
Q

What happens to a tooth when a load is applied initially?

A

Displaced initially into the socket

42
Q

What happens to loading after a bit?

A

After the initial elastic component, viscous creep happens due to the viscoelastic properties of PDL

43
Q

What happens in PDL during loading?

A

Tension in PDL fibres
Compression of ECF

44
Q

In a displacement graph, what happens under disease conditions for the PDL?

A

Movement becomes linear

45
Q

In which direction do the principal oblique fibres lie, relative to the alveolar bone and cementum?

A

They attach to the cementum apically and to the bone cervically

This arrangement facilitates the transfer of forces, applied to the tooth, to be absorbed to the bone.

46
Q

What is the main protein in the principal (Sharpey’s) fibres?

A

Collagen, types I and III

47
Q

What types of cementum can you see in the root of the tooth?

A

Acellular extrinsic
Cellular intrinsic

48
Q

In which part of the root the cementum is thicker?

A

Apical part of the root

49
Q

The shape of principal oblique fibres are?

A

Wavy

50
Q

What cells lie in the cementum surface?

A

Cementocytes

51
Q

What is the main cell type at the centre of the periodontal ligament ?

A

Fibroblasts

52
Q

On which side of the periodontal ligament are the Sharpey fibres bundled more closely?

A

At the cementum

53
Q

What is the name of these clusters of epithelial cells found near cementum?

A

Rests of malassez

54
Q

What are the epithelial cells found in periodontal ligament responsible for?

A

Periaapical cyst

2 - Oral Biology (Head And Neck Anatomy) (13 decks)

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